Titration

Weak base to weak acid

- Start pH High

- Gradual pH

- Equivalence pH Variable

- Buffer Region Present

Strong base to weak acid

Start pH Low

Gradual pH Change

Equivalence pH

High Buffer Region Present

Half-Equivalence pKa

Strong Acid titrated with a Strong Base:

- Start pH Low

- Sharp pH Change

- Equivalence pH Seven

Strong Base titrated with a Strong Acid:

- Start pH High

- Sharp pH Change

- Equivalence pH Seven

Weak Acid titrated with a Strong Base:

- Start pH Low

- Gradual pH Change

- Equivalence pH High

- Buffer Region Present

- Half-Equivalence pKa

Weak Base titrated with a Strong Acid:

- Start pH High

- Gradual pH Change

- Equivalence pH Low

- Buffer Region Present

- Half-Equivalence pKa

Weak Acid titrated with a Weak Base:

- Start pH Low

- Gradual pH Change

- Equivalence pH Variable

- Buffer Region Present

- Half-Equivalence pKa

Polyprotic Acid Titration:

- Start pH Low

- Multiple pH Steps

- Multiple Equivalence Points

- Buffer Region Present

- Half-Equivalence pKa