TOOLS and EQUIPMENTS

Hand Tools are tools that used power delivered by man only. Adjustable Jacks Tools and equipment employed in construction are grouped into four major categories: A pry bar is used to force open boards used in forming concrete Measurement and layout tools are the following: Folding rule and tape measure: are the most common tools for measuring boards, pipe, wire, etc. 5 Digital rule is used to measure relatively long distances such as those in highway construction. Framing square is a layout tool that is used to measure 90-degree angles at the corners of framework and joints. They can also be employed to determine cutting angles on dimension lumber. Level is a long, straight tool that contains one or more vials of liquid and used to determine if the horizontal or vertical is exact. Types of hammers are the following: Chalk line or chalk box is used for marking lines. Claw Hammer is an ordinary hammer used to drive or remove nails. Sledgehammer is a heavier hammer used to drive stakes into the ground and to break up concrete and stone. Types of Screwdrivers are: Standard Screwdriver has a flat tip and is designed to fit a standard slotted screw. 6 Phillips screwdriver has an x-shaped tip and is used to turn Phillips-head screws only. Spiral Ratchet screwdriver is that which relies on a pushing force rather than a twisting force. Types of handsaw are the following: Ripsaw has chisel-like teeth designed for ripping or cutting with the grain of wood Crosscut saw is used to cut across the grain of wood Backsaw is a special type of handsaw that has a very thin blade and makes very straight cuts such as those on trims and mouldings. Hacksaw is used to cut metals. Types of Chisels: 7 Wood chisel is used to trim wood and clear away excess material from wood joints. Cold chisel is used to trip metals. Types of specialized hand tools are the following: Nail set is used to drive finishing nails below the surface of a wooden trim or moulding. Pipe wrench is used to turn round objects like pipes. Brick trowel is used to place and trim mortar between bricks or concrete blocks. Bull float is used to smoothen out the surface of wet concrete Blind riveter is used to fasten pieces of sheet metal together. Power Tools Prepared by: Ar. Maria Ophelia M. Babista, uap, REB 8 Power drill is used to drill holes in wood, metal and concrete. Power screwdriver or screwgun is used to install and remove screws. Types of power saws are the following: Radial arm saw is used for crosscutting wood and consist of a motor-driven saw blade that is hung on an arm over a table Table saw is used for cutting large sheets of wood and wood composites and consists of a blade mounted on an electric motor beneath a table like surface. Portable circular saw is used for cutting materials that are difficult to cut with stationary tools. Power miter saw is a circular saw mounted over a small table used to cut various angles in wood Saber saw is used to cut curves or holes in floors and roofs for pipes and has a small knife-shaped blade that moves up and down. Types of power hammers: Pneumatic Hammer or Jackhammer is used to break up concrete or asphalt paving. Rotary Hammer is like an electric drill that operates with both rotating and reciprocating actions and is used to drill holes in concrete. Types of power nailer and staplers: Nailers or Nail Gun fasten materials together by shooting nails into the building material. Powder-actuated stud driver is a kind of nailer that is powered by gunpowder and is used to drive long pins into wood, steel or concrete. Staplers are like nailers but are loaded with u-shaped staples instead of nails for fastening. Equipment Conveyor is an equipment which moves materials other than fluids. Types of Surveying Equipment Transit is an equipment used by surveyors to measure horizontal and vertical angles to obtain land elevation. Surveyor’s Level is used to determine an unidentified elevation from a known one. Construction laser flashes a narrow, accurate beam of light to make a baseline for additional measurements and is used as a level or as an alignment tool. Types of pumps Water pump is used to pump water out of holes in the ground so that construction work can commence. Concrete pump is used to move concrete from the concrete mixer to the concrete form. Concrete Mixer (Cement Truck) a machine that mixes concrete ingredients by means of a rotating drum. Raw mat materials are introduced into the mixing drum through its open end and discharged by tilting the mixing drum to allow the concrete to pour out Types of welding machines Arc welding machine is used to weld materials by melting portions of the metal. Laser Powered Welder is used to weld material by employing a laser to heat the metal Heavy Equipment Bulldozer is a tractor with a pushing blade which moves earth and clears land of bushes and trees. Cranes are machines that lift large and heavy materials. The types of cranes are: Tower crane or climbing crane is used in the construction of tall building because it has a built-in jack that raises the crane from floor to floor as the building is constructed. Crawler crane is a crane mounted on metal treads so that it can move over rough terrainTruck crane is mounted on a truck frame so that it can be driven in the site. Excavator is a machine used for digging or scooping earth from a place and depositing it in another. Types of Excavator Backhoe is used for general digging which is usually mounted on either a crawler or truck frame. Trencher-excavator is a special kind which digs trenches or long, narrow ditches for pipelines or cables. Front-end loader is a large shoveling machine that can scoop or deposit a large amount of material. Highway construction equipment Scraper is a machine that loads, hauls and dumps soil over medium to long distances. Grader is an earthworking machine that grades or levels the ground. Compactor or roller is a machine that compacts soil to prepare for road paving. Paver is a machine that places, spreads and finishes concrete or asphalt paving material.