Chapter 3 Migration Examples

Push and Pull Factors

Push factors are negative features of a place

Pull factors are attractive features of a place

These factors are normally economic, but they can also be social, political, environmental, or demographic

  • Jobs and economy
    • Rust Belt → Manufacturing Belt
  • Discrimination, persecution, practice culture, kinship links
    • Mormon migration
    • Indian Partition
  • Opposing government policies and asylum
    • Communist Cuba
    • Dalai Lama + Tibetan gov → India
  • Natural disasters and drought
    • Dust Bowl
    • Hurricane Katrina
    • Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
  • DTM Stages
    • Europe Industrial Revolution (farmers → cities)
    • The U.S. Westward Expansion (Homestead Act)
    • LDC → MDC for jobs

Interregional Migration

A type of internal (within the same country) migration where you move to a new region

  • Sun Belt
  • Rust Belt
  • Manufacturing Belt
  • The U.S. Population Centers (Goes W and S over time)
    • 1790 Shipping links near the EU, hindered by the Appalachians
    • 1800-40 Cross A. Mts, transport, Eerie Canal, obtain land low price
    • 50-90 Rapid westward, CA gold, passed Great Plains (unfit for farming)
    • 1900-40 West slows down, emigration on the east offset westward mvmt, new tech → fill in Great Plains, railroads allow people to move West and be connected on the East
    • 50-2010 Moving south, more jobs, warmer, interregional antagonism
  • Great Migration

According to Ernst Ravenstein, internal migration in Britain followed these rules

  • travel short distances
  • long migrations to bigger cities
  • urban areas experience less migration than rural ones
  • families less likely to migrate than young adults
  • mvmts may involve step migration

International Migration

External, from one country to another

LDC → MDC

  • Latin America to North America
  • Asia to Europe
  • Asia to North America

Refugees

Forced, fleeing violence or persecution

Internally Displaced Person

  • Still in same country

Conflict in Syria

  • civil conflict
  • cities destroyed, lives lost
  • population displaced
  • move to camps by border
  • go to Jordan (Zaatari Refugee Camp)

Honduras

Vice: Murder and Migration in Honduras

Honduran emigrants → the U.S.

  • violence outbreaks
  • poverty
  • wealth inequality
  • corrupt gov
  • lack of education

Politics and income

  • 2/3 below poverty line
  • migrate/crime because it is too hard to get ahead
  • top 10% are getting rich
  • lack of money leads to poor schools
    • children not at school exposed to gangs
    • gain no skills

They migrate because the consequences of getting caught are easier to deal with than issues at home

Great Migration

During WWI, people moved north for jobs and to escape Jim Crow Laws

  • example of Internal Migration in the U.S.
  • Interregional
  • forced because they were escaping racial violence

Push

  • racism
  • JCL
  • segregation
  • lack of employment

Pull

  • employment rates
  • tolerant
  • industrialism

Climate Migration in Africa

“Out of Africa“ with Thomas Friedman

Push Factors (Africa)

  • war-torn
  • no rain
  • no food
  • high temps
  • dying trees
  • corrupt gov

Pull Factors (Europe)

  • better climate
  • safety
  • find jobs
  • proximity

Desertification

  • Sand dunes invade agricultural land
  • Arable land is being replaced by desert
  • Decrease in rain

This leads to less agriculture and less food which causes people to migrate