SECTION 2: Marxist Perspectives (The Conflict View)

Marxists argue the family exists solely to benefit the Capitalist system (the Bourgeoisie) and maintain class inequality.

1. Inheritance of Property (Engels)

Engels argued that as private property evolved, men needed to be certain of their children's paternity to pass down wealth. This led to the monogamous nuclear family, which essentially "imprisoned" women to ensure the undisputed inheritance of wealth.

2. Ideological Functions (Althusser & Zaretsky)

• Socialisation into Hierarchy: Families teach children that there is always someone "in charge" (the parents). This prepares them for the workplace where they must obey the boss.

• Zaretsky: The family provides a "safe haven" from the frustrations of capitalism. However, this is an illusion because the family cannot truly meet all psychological needs. It just helps workers tolerate their exploitation.

3. Unit of Consumption

Capitalism needs to sell products. The family is a major market:

• "Pester Power": Children persuade parents to spend money.

• Keeping up with the Joneses: Families are pressured to buy the latest consumer goods to maintain status.