58. Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot effectively regulate blood glucose levels because of issues with the insulin system.

1. Insulin Recap

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas when blood glucose concentrations are too high. It signals cells to absorb excess glucose and convert it into glycogen for storage, bringing blood sugar levels back to normal.

2. Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes typically develops during childhood or teenage years and is a lifelong condition.

• The Problem: The pancreas produces little to no insulin. This allows blood glucose levels to rise dangerously high.

• Treatment: * Insulin Injections: Patients inject insulin (usually into the abdomen or thigh) after meals to mimic the natural release of the hormone.

  • Monitoring: The amount of insulin required depends on the carbohydrate content of the meal and the amount of physical activity performed.

  • Lifestyle: Patients are encouraged to follow a low-sugar diet and exercise regularly. Exercise is beneficial because active muscles absorb more glucose from the blood.

3. Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in older adults and is often linked to an unhealthy diet or obesity.

• The Problem: The body's cells become resistant to insulin. Even if the pancreas produces plenty of insulin, the cells fail to respond to it and do not absorb enough glucose.

• Treatment:

  • Lifestyle Changes: The primary treatment is a healthy, low-sugar diet and regular exercise.

  • Medication: Some drugs can be used to improve the body's response to insulin, but insulin injections are generally not the first line of treatment since the cells are resistant to it.

Summary Table: Comparing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes