Globalization

Introduction and Definition
- Globalization refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness among countries, primarily in terms of economic, social, technological, cultural and political relations.
Key Concepts
- Parochialism:
- Definition: A limited or narrow outlook, especially focused on a local area.
- Importance: Understanding globalization helps in avoiding parochialism.
- Global Citizen:
- Definition: An individual who is aware of and understands world issues, challenges, and responsibilities that transcend national boundaries.
- Definitions by Manfred Steger:
- Distinguishes between various forms of globalization and globalism.
Empirical Evidence:
- Statistics of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs):
- 4,018 Filipinos per day in 2009 vs. 6,092 in 2015, indicating increased global interaction.
- Impact of the Internet, cheaper travel, and multinational corporations (MNCs) in facilitating globalization.
Interdisciplinary Approach:
- Globalization is inherently interdisciplinary; requires collaboration across different fields of study.
- For Political Scientists:
- Challenges to nation-states, emergence of global political norms, and strength of regional blocks.
- Corporate Influence:
- Example: Companies like Wal-Mart and Visa having revenues surpassing the GDP of several countries.
  - Wal-Mart's hypothetical GDP rank: 25th largest economy.
  - Visa's revenues compared to Zimbabwe's GDP: $8.07 billion vs $7.47 billion.
Economic Aspects:
- Neoliberal Globalization:
- Economic frameworks aiming to raise profits by minimizing costs and avoiding government intervention.
- Free Trade and Market Capitalism:
- Emphasizes minimal government interference, allowing for a self-regulating market.
- Examples of trade policies and agreements (e.g., WTO, NAFTA, Mercosur, ASEAN) and their role in shaping global trade norms.
Cultural Perspectives:
- Concept of the