Information Age

Grace Murray Hopper

- Creator of the first-ever compiler and a Rear Admiral of the US Navy.

- She created COBOL or Common Business-Oriented Language.

- COBOL is a programming language used for government and business data processing for decades.

- There was something wrong with the circuits, and upon inspection, she found the bug and removed it with tweezers. It was the first actual case of a bug being found, which is now called debugging in the computer world.

Mark II

- Electromechanical computer designed by Mark Aiken and Hopper with other Mark computers.

- Used for addition and multiplication to satisfy the computing needs of America.

Charles Babbage

- Father of the Computer.

- Created a steam-driven calculating machine that was supposed to compute tables of numbers called the "Analytical Machine."

- This machine was never built while he was alive due to funding issues with the British government.

- His son Henry built a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations in 1901.

1991

- The London Science Museum was able to complete a working version of the Analytical Engine.

- The ideas and concepts of Charles Babbage for the computer were considered radical in his times.

German Enigma Machine

- A cipher device developed and used in the early to mid-20th century to communicate on the battlefield.

Benedict Cumberbatch

- A mathematical genius who was able to decode the German Enigma machine with the help of fellow mathematicians.

Alan Turing

- Father of Modern Computer Science.

- Introduced the Turing Machine in 1936 at Princeton University.

- The assumption was that if it is built, it can compute anything that human logic can.

- It can manipulate symbols on a strip of tape according to a pre-set table of rules.

- The machine formed the theoretical foundation of modern computer science.

- Known for careless experiments, which could have led to his death. He died in 1954 due to asphyxia caused by cyanide poisoning.

Konrad Zuse

- First person to build a working, programmable electromechanical digital computer in 1941, the Z3.

- His Z1 machine was a binary mechanical computer while the Z2 used 600 telephone relays rather than the metal plates of the Z1.

- Z3 was considered "Turing-complete" and as such, the world's first fully operational electromechanical computer.

- Turing-complete means that the machine simulates what any other general-purpose computer can do.

- Z4 was completed in 1945 in the midst of the Second World War in Germany.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

- In US history, it is not the Z3 that is considered as the first functioning computer but the ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

- It is used to solve numerical problems.

- It was started in 1943 and completed in 1946. Its operation ended in 1956.

- It cost 487,000 dollars.

INTERNET

- The very first internet was the ARPANET, Pentagon Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, which was established in 1969 to make it possible for scientists in different research institutions to share information and cooperate with the military on scientific endeavors.

- A network built to withstand a possible nuclear war with the Soviet Union.

- It was established on Jan 1, 1986, by the approval of the funding by the National Science Foundation.

Tim Berners-Lee

- Invented the World Wide Web in 1989, which would later cater to the needs of everyone in the public for free.

Ray Tomlinson

- First email sent in 1971. This email helped humans progress from the Pentagon's ARPANET to the internet.

Philippines

- Ranked second in computer usage for 9 hours and 29 minutes per day in 2017.

- It is also the first place in the average number of hours spent using social media each day. The internet users were aged 16-68. The country ranked first in the survey in 2017.