French 1 Final pt 1
Calender
The French calendar begins with Monday, rather than Sunday.
Each day of the week corresponds to a Roman god:
○ Luna, goddess of the moon = lundi
○ Mars, god of war = mardi
○ Mercury, winged messenger of the gods = mercredi
○ Jupiter, monarch of the gods = jeudi
○ Venus, goddess of love = vendredi
The weekends have Christian origins: samedi comes from the
latin word for “Sabbath,” and dimanche is based on the latin word for
“Lord’s Day.”
In French the days of the week are not capitalized.
France still largely follows the Catholic calendar and rhythm for the year. This includes days that we often don’t celebrate as a whole country, like Epiphany and Mardi Gras/Ash Wednesday.
The most important date on the French calendar is le 14 juillet, or the 14 of July. It is France’s independence day.
Quelle est la date aujourd’hui? = What is the date today?
C’est le… = It is the…
How to answer, “Quelle est la date aujourd’hui?”- C’est le… [day] [month] [year], par exemple, "C'est le 10 novembre 2023."
janvier = January
février = February
mars = March
avril = April
mai = May
juin = June
juillet = July
août = August
septembre = September
octobre = October
novembre = November
décembre = December
Quel jour sommes-nous?- what day are we?
nous sommes = we are
How to answer “Quel jour sommes-nous?”- nous sommes…
lundi = Monday
mardi = Tuesday
mercredi = Wednesday
jeudi = Thursday
vendredi = Friday
samedi = Saturday
dimanche = Sunday
Time
Quelle heure est-il ?- What hour is it?
Il est… = It is…
How to answer “Quelle heure est-il?”- Il est…
midi = noon (m.)
minuit = midnight (m.)
heure = hour (o’oclock) (f.)
demie = half (f.)
quart = quarter (m.)
moins = minus/less
et = and
heure = hour (f.)
What form does france tell time in?= Military Time
How to calculate military time? To calculate military time, add 12 to the hour for any time after noon
Convert 1:00 PM to military time = 13:00
Convert 2:00 PM to military time= 14:00
times before noon remain unchanged
11:00 AM =11:00
Weather
Quel temps fait-il ?- What weather is it?
Il fait…- It’s…
du soleil = sunny
du vent = windy
beau = beautiful
froid = cold
frais = cool
chaud = hot
Il…(It…)
pleut = rains/is raining
neige = snows/is snowing
Il y a… (There is/are…)
un orage = a thunderstorm
des nuages = clouds
une tornade = a tornado
Numbers 1-59
0 = zéro
1 = un
2 = deux
3 = trois
4 = quatre
5 = cinq
6 = six
7 = sept
8 = huit
9 = neuf
10 = dix
11 = onze
12 = douze
13 = treize
14 = quatorze
15 = quinze
16 = seize
17 = dix-sept
18 = dix-huit
19 = dix-neuf
20 = vingt
21 = vingt et un
22 = vingt-deux
23 = vingt-trois
24 = vingt-quatre
25 = vingt-cinq
26 = vingt-six
27 = vingt-sept
28 = vingt-huit
29 = vingt-neuf
30 = trente
31 = trente et un
32 = trente-deux
33 = trente-trois
34 = trente-quatre
35 = trente-cinq
36 = trente-six
37 = trente-sept
38 = trente-huit
39 = trente-neuf
40 = quarante
41 = quarante et un
42 = quarante-deux
43 = quarante-trois
44 = quarante-quatre
45 = quarante-cinq
46 = quarante-six
47 = quarante-sept
48 = quarante-huit
49 = quarante-neuf
50 = cinquante
51 = cinquante et un
52 = cinquante-deux
53 = cinquante-trois
54 = cinquante-quatre
55 = cinquante-cinq
56 = cinquante-six
57 = cinquante-sept
58 = cinquante-huit
59 = cinquante-neuf
The Body
la tête = the head
les yeux = the eyes
les oreilles = the ears
le nez = the nose
la bouche = the mouth
le cou = the neck
les épaules = the shoulders
le bras = the arm
la main = the hand
les doigts = the fingers
la jambe = the leg
les genoux = the knees
les pieds = the feet
Le Rendez-Vous (except the drinks)-
à midi - at noon
ils se sont rencontrés - they met each other
au café - at the cafe
c'était - it was
premier rendez-vous - first date
les deux - both
étaient nerveux - were nervous
a dit - said
il parlait fort - he was speaking loudly
elle parlait doucement - she was speaking softly
a demandé - asked
tu as faim? - are you hungry?
elle n'avait pas vraiment faim - she wasn't really hungry
le serveur - the waiter
est arrivé - arrived
qu'est-ce que vous avez comme boissons? - what do you have to drink?
nous avons - we have
voulez-vous - do you want
une boisson - a drink
je voudrais - I would like
s'il vous plait - please
d'accord - okay
il est parti - he left
pt. 2
cette histoire = this story
un agent en secret = a secret agent
ils cherchaient = they were looking for
un chef du gang = a gang leader
il a mis = he put
du poison = poison
il est retourné = he returned
avec = with
les boissons = the drinks
voilà = here you go/here are
mademoiselle = miss
monsieur = sir
il a bu = he drank
il est mort = he died
immédiatement = immediately
il a mangé = he ate
le diner = dinner
éventuellement = eventually
ils se sont mariés = they got married
tout est bien qui finit bien! = all is well that ends well!
Au Cafe
French cafes are meant to host students, adults, and families who intend to linger, people watch, and munch.
It is polite to say Monsieur to a waiter, and Madame or Mademoiselle to a waitress.
In France, waiters and waitresses are considered professionals. Unlike in the U.S. servers take great pride in their work.
In better restaurants, waiters and waitresses must not only be good servers but they must also be knowledgeable about food and wine.
La carte= The menu
Common items on French cafe menus:
Un Croque Monsieur: A ham and cheese sandwich, typically grilled.
Une Quiche: A savory pie made of mainly eggs and cream, and filled with various ingredients such as cheese, vegetables, or meats.
Un Crêpe: Thin pancakes that can be served with various fillings, both sweet and savory.
Une omelette
Un sandwich au jambon: A ham sandwich.
Un hot-dog
Un steak-frites: A steak with fries.
Common Drinks on French menu:
Un sirop de fraise: flavoured syrup drink
Un citron pressé: lemonade
Un limonade: sparkling lemonade/sprite
Du chocolat chaud: hot chocolate
Un coca: a Coca-Cola
Un jus d’orange: orange juice
Une eau minérale: mineral water
Un café: coffee
Un thé: tea
Les Crêpes Salées- savory crepes
Les Crêpes Sucrées- sweet crepes
In cafes and restaurants in France, a tip is included in the check if the words “service compris” are posted or written on the menu. If you’re not sure, it’s acceptable to ask.
It’s customary, however, to leave a little extra if the service is extraordinary.
I am hungry = J’ai faim
I am thirsty = J’ai soif
I would like = Je voudrais
I’ll have = Je prends
Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras season begins on January 6 (also known as Epiphany) and ends on Fat Tuesday, which is the day before Ash Wednesday.
Mardi Gras = Fat Tuesday
Mardi Gras is called Fat Tuesday because it refers to the last night of eating richer, fatty foods before the ritual fasting of the Lenten season begins on Ash Wednesday
Traditionally, this day involves indulgent feasting, wearing masks and costumes, parades, dancing.
Mardi Gras receives its origins from Carnival Season , which is celebrated in various cultures worldwide as a time of festivities before Lent.
Lent is a period of 40 days of reflection, prayer, and fasting that begins on Ash Wednesday, leading up to Easter.
The people group that first observed the historical predecessor to Mardi Gras were the Ancient Romans, who celebrated the Lupercalia festival in the second century.
Mardi Gras stems from its origins as a pagan, "circus-type" festival based on pleasure seeking
During medieval times, Mardi Gras was used to conscript new knights into service and hold feasts in their honor.
In medieval time during Mardi Gras, peasants would be given cakes, coins, and other trinkets.
Epiphany is - the 12th day after christmas that marks the end of the Christmas season and the beginning of Carnival celebrations, leading up to Mardi Gras.
The "King Cake" is called so because it honors the visit of the Magi (Kings) to the baby Jesus. This cake typically starts the Mardi Gras season and is named in recognition of these Kings.
The colors of Mardi Gras are purple, green, and gold. Purple represents justice, green signifies faith, and gold symbolizes power.
Each King Cake traditionally contains a small plastic baby trinket baked inside of it.
According to tradition, the person who finds the plastic baby in their slice of cake is crowned the "Queen" or "King" of the celebration and is expected to host the next King Cake party or provide the next King Cake!
A traditional King Cake is made from twisted strands of cinnamon dough and topped with icing
le gateau des rois= King Cake
jaune= yellow
vert= green
violet= purple
la fête= party
la Pâques= Easter
la fève= the bean (or plastic baby used in the traditional king cake)
Nouvelles Orléans= new orleans
mardi= Tuesday
Activities
jouer - to play
étudier - to study
aimer- to like
adorer - to love
préférer- to prefer/ favorite
détester- to hate
écounter de la musique- listen to music
chanter - to sing
regarder la télé(vision) - to watch television
surfer sur internet - to surf the internet
travailler - to work
aller au cinéma - to go to the movies
dessiner - to draw
jouer du sport - to play sports
lire - to read
téléphoner- to call
dormir- to sleep
au foot- soccer
au basket- basketball
au tennis- tennis
du piano - piano
de la guitare- guitar
faire- to do
du jogging- jogging
de l’athlétisme- athletics
du théatre - theater
envoyer un texto- to text
la musique- music
la glace- ice cream
les maths- math
les frites- the french fries
les coca- the coca cola
les sports- the sports
l”anglais- the english
l’école - the school
I do not like= je n'aime pas
Subject Pronouns
je = I
tu = You
il = He/ it
nous = we
vous = yall/ you(formal)
ils = they (masculine)
elle = she
elles = they (feminine)
-er verb conjugations
Je -e
Tu -es
Il/Elle/On -e
Nous -ons
Vous -ez
Ils/Elles -ent
-ir verb conjugations
Je = is
Tu = is
il = it
elle = it
nous = issons
vous = issez
ils = issent
elles = issent
-re verb conjugations
je = s
tu = s
il = (nothing)
elle = (nothing)
nous = ons
vous = ez
ils
elles = ent
avoir
avoir = to have
je = j’ai
tu = as
il = a
elle = a
nous = avons
vous = avez
ils = ont
elles = ont
être
être = to be
je = suis
tu = es
il = est
elle = est
nous = sommes
vous = etes
ils = sont
elles = sont
aller
aller = to go
je = vais
tu = vas
il = va
elle = va
nous = allons
vous = allez
ils = vont
elles = vont