Old testament definitions
first ancient law codes discovered:: code of hammurapi was engraved on a monumental basalt stela
\ The covenant code gets its name from the reference to the book of the covenant. consists largely of casuistic (case) law.
\ apodictic laws are more general
\ Ark of the covenant was a moveable sanctuary housed in a tent
\ Cherubim: two gold statues of winged divine beings
\ \ Golden calf: people started worship in a gold statue of a calf and god was angry
\ Tabernacle: meaning dwelling, is the portable sanctuary envisioned by p for the wilderness period
\ Ritual decalogue: A covenant we only concerned with worship
\ Sacrifice: the offering of something of value to a diety
\ Day of atonment: yom kippur, serves to purify the priest, sanctuary, and the people. annually on the tenth day of the seventh month
\ scapegoat: azazel, some sort of demon?
\ Holiness code:: seperate chapters of leviticus, named for repeated words having to do with holiness
\ tithe: ten percent belong to yahweh, literally means a tenth
\ cities of refuge: cities with no tribal teritory, to provide asylum for someone who has taken anothers life until the matter of guilt can be resolved
\ Avenger of blood: also called redeemer, the nearest male relative who has legal responsibilities toward the deceased
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- Deuteronomic code: a collection of laws that deals with a variety of topics including religious ceremonies and ritual purity, civil and criminal law, and the conduct of war
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- Levites: also called levitical priests or the priests or the levites. the entire tribe of levi is a priestly tribe charged with the responsibility for the ark of the covenant.
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- Shema: means "hear" a frequently used jewish prayer. only yahweh is our god.
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- Torah: ordinary meaning is "teaching" or "instruction". also the name for the first five books of the bible, or pentateuch. also used to refer to the entire body of revelation, including oral teachings.
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- Ban: translated to devoted to destruction, literally means something prohibited
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- Deuteronomistic history: the interpretive narrative of Israel's history in the promised land based on the ideals of the book of deuteronomy, covering the books of joshua, judges, samuel, and kings. was revised several times. the use of speeches by prophets at key points in the narrative
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- Former Prophets: comprised of the books of joshua, judges, samuel, and kings
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- Latter Prophets: Comprised of the books that have a prophets name ( isaiah, jeremiah, ezekiel, and the twelve minor prophets hosea through malachi)
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- Ammonites: descendents of lot
- Judge: in biblical terms, military leaders/leaders of israel. also called saviors or deliverers
- Moabites: national god is chemosh, descendents of lot
- Philistines: settled in the gaza strip
- Sea Peoples: philistines are one of them, pentapolis structure, superior metelurgical tehc, standing armies, diet of pig as protein, not practiced circumcision, position along coasts. invaded by ship
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- city of david:: another name for jerusalem, especially the ancient pre-israelite city that king david captured and made his capital in the early tenth century BCE. in later tradition it is also used of bethleham, davids birthplace.
- united monarchy:: United the tenth century BCE, the ten northern tribes of israel and the southern tribe of judah were united under the rule of david and his son solomon, both of whom are called king of israel. when solomon died in 928 BCE, the united kingdom of israel was split into the northern kingdom of israel and the southern kingdom of judah.
- Zion:: a name of jerusalem, used especially in poetic texts
- Succession Narrative:: in modern shcolarship, the origionally independent source incorporated into the deuteronomistic history that relates how solomon eventually succeeded david on the throne. also called the court history of david
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