Biology

Alkane

Cn H2n+2 and has all 4 carbons

Alkene

Cn H2n and is a double bond

Alkyne

Cn H2n-2 and is a triple bond

5-Nonyne

A triple bond on the 5th carbon

Hydroxyl group

Alcohol is compound and ending is -ol remove last letter of any structure name (butane)

Pentene and add hydroxyl group

Pentenol

Carbonyl (end)

Compound is Aldehydes and ending is al and remove the last letter

Nonyne and add a carbonyl (end)

Nonynal

Carbonyl (middle)

Compound is ketones and ending is one and remove last letter

Decane and add a carbonyl (middle)

Decanone

Carboxyl

Compound is carboxylic acid and ending is oic acid remove last letter

Propene and add a carboxyl

Propenoic acid

Amino Group

Compound is amines and ending is amine remove last letter

ethyne and add a amino group

ethynamine

Phosphate

Compound is phosphates and no ending

octane and add a phosphate group

octane

Methyl

Compound is methylated compounds and ending is methyl

3-Pentene and add a methyl group

3 Methyl Pentene

Sulfhydryl

Compound is Thiols and ending is thiol JUST ADD IT

methyne and add a sulfhydryl

Methynethiol</pre>

Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

  • Alkane (Cn H2n+2): Contains only single bonds between carbons; no functional groups other than aliphatic carbon.

  • Alkene (Cn H2n): Contains at least one double bond (C=C) between carbons.

  • Alkyne (Cn H2n-2): Contains at least one triple bond between carbons.

  • Hydroxyl Group (-OH): Characteristic of alcohols; suffix -ol. For example, pentane becomes pentanol when a hydroxyl group is added.

  • Carbonyl Group (C=O): Present in aldehydes (-al, at the end) and ketones (-one, in the middle). Example: adding a carbonyl to nonyne forms nonynal, while adding it to decane yields decanone.

  • Carboxyl Group (-COOH): Found in carboxylic acids; suffix -oic acid. For example, propene becomes propenoic acid when a carboxyl group is added.

  • Amino Group (-NH2): Characteristic of amines; suffix -amine. For example, ethyne becomes ethynamine with the addition of an amino group.

  • Phosphate Group (-PO4): Found in phosphates; retains name as phosphate.

  • Methyl Group (-CH3): In methylated compounds; name ends in -methyl. For example, 3-pentene becomes 3-methylpentene when a methyl group is added.

  • Sulfhydryl Group (-SH): Characteristic of thiols; the suffix is thiol. For instance, adding a sulfhydryl to methyne forms methynethiol.