History of psychology

  1. History of Psychology 

    1. Why Study It?

      1. Historical Background

        1. First Psychology Textbook

          1. History of Experimental Psychology written by E.G. Boring (1929)

        2. Catholic Church and Psychology 

          1. No such thing as science and science comes from the bible

            1. believed that humans were just below angels and earth was the center of the universe 

          2. Desired money and power 

          3. Psychopathology st back due to the church believing that those who are crazy are that way due to the devil

            1. sent priests to deal with said people 

            2. losing to science pushed them turn to psychopathology

        3. Black Plague

          1. nothing helped remedy the situation including the church so people turned to science

        4. WWII

          1. after the war ended soldiers who had survived came back with severe PTSD

          2. hospitals invited psychologists to help treat patients although psychologists weren’t as popular as psychiatrists

          3. How do you draft people for war?

            1. Gave the job to psychologists to determine who is fit for the army

        5. Psychology as its own science

          1. psychology usually grouped with other sciences

        6. Socrates

          1.  learned basic philosophical contexts by Astacia 

          2. Critical of those in positions of power and was believed to be a threat to their power 

          3. Accused of corrupting the youth, not believing the Gods, and believing his own god 

            1. he only followed laws regardless of if they’re unjust or not so he committed suicide 

            2. Plato was present and did writing for Socrates 

          4. Talking cure

            1. talking about problems helps 

              1. Freud later used the concept

          5. Behavior multi-determined

      2. Frailties

        1. Issues with psychology

          1. APA - American Psychological Association

            1. the U.S. gives money to the APA after 9/11 to “interview” individuals that were believed to dangerous to get information 

            2. APA uses advanced interrogation on these individuals 

              1. originally said on their charter that they wouldn't use sadist practices but ended doing so in turn changing their charter 

            3. Women weren’t allowed to do all courses, do a dissertation, or get a PhD

      3. Famous People

        1. Mesmer 

          1. used hypnosis 

          2. involved with Beethoven and Benjamin Franklin

          3. again desired money and power

      4. Placebo Effect

        1. people change behavior including psychological symptoms when given suggestions 

      5. Aristotle vs. Plato

        1. Plato believed you can’t trust the senses while Aristotle argued the opposite

        2. Plato’s turns out to be correct

      6. Plato 

        1. believed that senses aren’t always correct

        2. balance between body and mind

        3. introduced the word psyche

        4. said that ignorance was the actual wrongdoing 

        5. also believed in the talking cure 

      7. Aristotle

        1. quote about it being a choice to let the devil in

          1. that gave the church power and push the idea that people are responsible for letting the devil in (primarily towards women)

        2. started/created the idea of dualism 

          1. believed that the mind and the body were separate and had no connection to each other 

          2. science backed up this idea until the 19th century when people found out about the hippothymus

        3. created botany 

      8. Death

        1. Psychologists tend to live longer

        2. average age of death 80

          1. lifespan decreased due to drug use amongst those younger 

        3. ageism 

          1. discrimination based on age usually towards those older

      9. Hippocrates

        1. Hippocratic oath

          1. doctors should do no harm

        2. believed it’s more important to understand the kind of person who has an illness than to understand the illness 

        3. freedman and rosinhan 

          1. found out that those with heart problems are more stressed

        4. guy who wanted couch cover discovered type A personality 

          1. created foundation for psychosomatic medicine

        5. believed there was a biological basis for mental illness 

        6. believed in an imbalance in these parts of the body 

          1. blood

          2. black bile

          3. yellow bile

          4. Phlem

        7. responsible for creating first DSM with terms still used today

          1. Phrenitis 

            1. high fever with agitation 

          2. Mania

            1. unable to relax or stop speaking 

            2. some research indicates that one of the impacts of less severe schizophrenia have talking mania

          3. Hysteria

            1. physical problems caused by mental problems primarily found in women but men as well

          4. Paranoia

      10. Witches

        1. Torture is allowed

          1. Witches Hammer (Weyer 1486)

        2. Charges made anonymously 

        3. Witchcraft, form of heresy

        4. Scientific 

          1. tests for witches

            1. Float test

              1. balance women on pole that would open up if she floats she’s a witch

            2. Tear test

              1. read from the bible the crucifixion of Christ if there’s no tears in their eyes then she’s a witch

            3. Location of the devil’s mark (Witch Prickers)

              1. shave women down and prick in certain spots if she doesn’t react she’s a witch

      11. Copernicus (1514/1543)

        1. Believed that the sun was the center of the universe

        2. Catholic Church would have him killed, so he waited until his death bed to publish his findings 

        3. 600 copies published of his work 

        4. Findings made others questions the credibility of the bible 

      12. Telescope

        1. Hippershec (1608)

        2. Visual info.

      13. Galilei

        1. First to take credit for sun being at the center of the universe (1564-1642)

        2. Made his own telescope and gave it to the Italian army in exchange for tenure at a university

      14. Einstein 

        1. small brain

      15. Brain

        1. Central Sulcus 

        2. Lateral Fissure

        3. Frontal Lobe 

          1. Last to develop 

          2. Decision making 

        4. Parietal Lobe

          1.  Motor movement

        5. Occipital Lobe

          1. Visual 

        6. Temporal Lobe

          1. Memories

        7. Theory of Mass Action ( Karl Lashley)

          1. more damage on the brain more difference in action

            1. Phineas Gage 

        8. Equipotentiality 

          1. Neural Plasticity 

        9. Glial Cells 

        10. Language

          1. in several parts of the brain 

      16. Charles Darwin 

        1. believed that every species in life evolves from each other 

        2. evolution 

        3. natural selection 

        4. 1831 - 5 years

          1. travels all over the world to develop theory 

        5. 1859 - On The Origin of Species 

          1. book written by Darwin

          2. referenced by Freud in his teachings 

        6. Finches

          1. observed how the availability of different foods changes how the birds develop 

      17. Sir Francis Galton 

        1. Eugenics 

          1. ideology adopted by nazis