social studies

Aaron Burr:

Jefferson’s Vice President. Famous for killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

John Marshall:

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Marbury V. Madison decision.

Judicial Review:

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional. This power was created during the Marbury V. Madison case.

Louisiana Purchase:

A large region of the United States, bought from Napoleon by the Jefferson administration.

Lewis and Clark:

The two men put in charge of the Corp of Discovery, the group of explorers that explored the Louisiana Purchase.

Sacagawea:

A woman who acted as a guide, translator and goodwill ambassador for the Corp of Discovery.

The Barbary War:

A war between the United States and North African pirates in the Mediterranean Sea.

Impressment:

The kidnapping of sailors to force them into a nation’s navy.

Embargo:

An official ban on trade.

Short Answer Topic-

Jefferson’s actions as president versus his Democratic Republic Ideals

Democratic Republican Ideals

-Small Federal Government

-Little Government interference in people’s lives

-Strong State Governments

-Strict interpretation of the US Constitution

-Opposition to the National Bank

-Opposition to Protective Tariffs

-Emphasis on Agriculture over trade.

Jefferson’s Actions as president

-Purchase of the Louisiana Territory

-Sent Navy to fight the Barbary Pirates

-Sent Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory

-Passage of the Embargo Act

Madison

Vocabulary

Tecumseh:

Shawnee chief who organized a Native American confederacy to stop US settlement in the North West

William Henry Harrison:

General who defeated Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Battle of Tippecanoe:

Battle fought between American troops and Native Americans in the North West frontier.

War Hawks:

Young politicians who pushed to start the War of 1812.

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun:

Two of the most famous War Hawks.

War of 1812:

A conflict between Great Britain and the United States in the early 1800s..

Francis Scott Key:

The author of America’s national anthem The Star Spangled Banner

Battle of Fort McHenry:

A victory for Americans who successfully defended Fort McHenry from British attack. This was the battle that inspired The Star Spangled Banner.

Battle of New Orleans:

The last battle of the War of 1812. Fought AFTER the Treaty of Ghent was signed.

Hartford Convention:

A meeting of New England Federalists about the War of 1812, it proved to be unpopular and led to the end of the party.

Short Answer Topic-

Causes of the War of 1812

-Fighting with Native Americans

-A desire to move westward

-A desire to take over Canada

-Interference with trade (denial of Neutrality Rights)

-The Impressment of Sailors

The importance of the War of 1812

-It led to the Era of Good Feelings.

-Increased a sense of national unity in the United States.

-Led to the end of the federalist party.

-The US had now proven itself as capable of standing against Britain twice, which resulted in more respect from European nations.

Monroe

Vocabulary-

Era of Good Feelings:

The period of time following the War of 1812, marked by an increase in National Pride and a general feeling of Unity.

Nationalism:

Strong identification with and support of one’s nation. National pride.

Sectionalism:

Strong identification with and support of one’s region within a nation. Regional pride.

Monroe Doctrine:

A US policy which warned European nations to stop colonizing in the Americas. It put Latin America into the US’s sphere of influence.

Missouri Compromise:

A political compromise which kept the balance of power in Congress by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also established a line between future slave and free states at the 36° 30' N latitude line.

American System:

A government plan for economic improvement and industrial growth in the United States. It included a high tariff to protect American industry, the building of new roads and canals, and the continuation of the Bank of the United States

Short Answer-

The growth of sectionalism and the differences between the North, South, and West.

-Each region had different economic needs. (The West grew food crops, the South grew cash crops for foreign markets, The North made manufactured goods)

-The North began to urbanize while the South and West remained rural.

-The North benefited from Trade Regulations that made foreign goods more expensive. This hurt the South and West.

-The West and North benefited more from roads and canals that allowed major trade between the two. Less of these were built in the South.

-The North was now made up solely of Free states, the South had all Slave states, and everytime a new Western state was added, there was debate over which side it would join.