Bio 6.2.25

Apoptosis and Cell Death

• Apoptosis: A systematic process where cells undergo programmed death when they are deemed unnecessary or potentially harmful to the organism.

  • The nucleus and organelles collapse while the cell remains structurally stable for a while.

  • Results in the formation of apoptotic bodies, which are fragments of the dying cell containing organelles.

  • Apoptotic bodies can be phagocytosed by immune cells, ensuring that cell debris does not harm surrounding tissues.

  • This process exemplifies that cells can recognize they are not functioning properly and take action for the greater good of the organism.

• Necrosis: A form of cell death caused by external factors rather than self-regulation.

  • Occurs due to injury, toxins, or other damaging stimuli.

  • Unlike apoptosis, necrosis is often uncontrolled and can lead to inflammation in surrounding tissues.

  • For example, necrosis can happen during heat-related injuries, causing cells to die randomly due to damage.

• Comparison of Apoptosis and Necrosis:

  • Apoptosis is a clean, controlled process, while necrosis is chaotic and can result in further damage.

  • Apoptosis is sometimes referred to as a 'smoother' operation compared to necrosis.