history- civil war, yr 8
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR- 1642
the english civil war was a war between royalists and parlimentarians
parlimentarians won
ROYALISTS
the royalists belived that the king was the only one who should rule
Nickname- cavaliers
Reason for Nickname- it comes from the latin cavalirio meaning spanish trooper- an insulting reference to to the forign catholic influence in the kings army
they were supported well in the North of england, parts of the south west, Ireland and all of wales.
in the civil war, charles based himself in Oxford
in 1643, Charles declared Parliment to be illegal
Problems for them- they were easily distracted, unfocused and unprepared
PARLIMENTARIANS
the parlimentarians beleived that the parliment and people should have power also
Nickname- roundheads
Reason for nickname- they all had shaven heads, which contrasted to the long hair of the king and his courts
they wanted to reduce the power of the king by forcing him to agree to limits on his power
the were supported in London, the midlands, the south east and Scotland.
they wanted to protect the rights of the parliment to preform its traditional role such as deciding taxes and important laws
Problems for them- they did not think it through, they let the royalists go
MAJOR BATTLES
THE BATTLE OF EDGEHILL, 23rd OCT 1642- draw
ADWALTON MOOR, 30th JUN 1643- Royalist victory
ROUNDWAY DOWN, 13th JUL 1643- Royalist victory
MARSTON MOOR, 2nd JULY 1644- Roundhead victory
SECOND BATTLE OF NEWBURY, 27th OCT 1644- Roundhead win, but allowed Royalists to escape
WHY DID THE PARLIMENT WIN?
they had the support of the scots
they had over 20,000 soldiers
the soldiers were looked after and prevented from getting drunk
the soldiers were stronger and well rested so had more stamina
they parliment had well respected leaders
the army was well organised
THE TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF CHARLES I
he was convicted of high treason
he was not allowed a lawyer
high treason can only be commited against the king (he was the king)
in the end he was executed on 30 January 1649