Topic 10

1.Extended Response- Using examples, describe how different types of drag can be reduced in swimming.(6

-Friction: This is the resistance created by the swimmer’s body moving through the water. To reduce friction, swimmers can:

-Wear a swim cap and a fast technology racing suit.

-Shave all the hair from your body2.

(Form) Drag: This is caused by the shape and position of the swimmer’s body in the water. To reduce form drag, swimmers can:

-Keep the body aligned. A curved body creates more frontal drag than a straight body

-Pull underwater with a high elbow. In the pulling motion of all four strokes, the upper arm causes most of the frontal drag

(Wave) Drag: This is the resistance created by the waves that a swimmer produces. To reduce surface drag, swimmers can:

-Keep the head down. There is actually less drag underwater than on the surface of the water

-Keep your kick tight

2.Extended Response - Using sporting examples, discuss how an athlete can increase and decrease frictional forces to enhance their performance (3)

Increase;

Running: The bottom tread of the running shoe (called the outsole) is made from a durable Carbon-Rubber compound to help increase the coefficient of static friction. This allows the athlete to accelerate at greater rates

Decrease;athletes can use specific equipment or techniques.

For example, in mud wrestling, the slippery nature of the mud reduces friction between the wrestlers’ bodies and the ground3. Similarly, swimmers can wear specially designed swimsuits to reduce water resistance and enhance their speed

3. -Identify the different forces on a picture of athlete performing a sporting activity (1)