Exam II

1. Differences in food consumption between developed and developing countries: Developed countries tend to have higher levels of meat consumption and processed foods, while developing countries have higher levels of plant-based diets and staple foods like rice and beans.
2. Agricultural revolution: The agricultural revolution was a period of technological and social advancements in agriculture that occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries. It led to increased food production and population growth.
3. Factors contributing to the agricultural revolution: Factors include new farming techniques, improved tools and machinery, enclosure of land, and the development of transportation and communication systems.
4. Differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture: Subsistence agriculture is focused on producing enough food for a family or small community, while commercial agriculture is focused on producing crops or livestock for sale in the market.
5. Fewer farmers in developed regions: This is due to increased mechanization and efficiency in agriculture, leading to larger farms and fewer workers needed.
6. Major agricultural regions: North America, South America, Europe, Russia and the former Soviet republics, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southwest Asia and North Africa, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand, and Pacific Islands.
7. 5 principal forms of agriculture in developing countries: Shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism, intensive subsistence agriculture, plantation agriculture, and mixed crop and livestock farming.
8. Recent trends in fish consumption and production: Global fish consumption has increased, but overfishing and unsustainable practices have led to declines in fish populations.
9. 6 types of commercial agriculture associated with developed countries: Mixed crop and livestock farming, dairy farming, grain farming, livestock ranching, Mediterranean agriculture, and commercial gardening and fruit farming.
   10. Challenges faced by farmers in developed/developing countries: Challenges include climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, pests and diseases, and market fluctuations.
   11. Arguments for and against GMOs: Arguments for GMOs include increased crop yields and resistance to pests and diseases, while arguments against GMOs include potential health and environmental risks and concerns about corporate control of the food supply.
   12. Principles of organic farming and sustainable land management: Organic farming emphasizes the use of natural fertilizers and pest control methods, while sustainable land management focuses on preserving soil health and biodiversity.
   13. 3 policies put in place by the US government to improve the financial position of farmers: The Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit System.
   14. The two elements of culture emphasized in this chapter are material and non-material culture.
   15. Folk culture originates and diffuses slowly within small, traditional communities, while popular culture spreads rapidly through modern media and technology.
   16. Folk music is often anonymous and transmitted orally, while popular music is produced and marketed for mass consumption.
   17. Factors that influence folk and popular clothing preferences include climate, tradition, and social status.
   18. Factors that influence folk food preferences and taboos include religion, geography, and cultural identity.
   19. Coke and Pepsi have different global sales patterns due to differences in marketing strategies and cultural preferences.
   20. Factors that influence patterns of folk housing include climate, available resources, and cultural traditions.
   21. Regional differences in US housing styles have diminished over time due to increased mobility and homogenization of culture.
   22. Preserving folk culture can be challenging due to globalization, urbanization, and cultural assimilation.
   23. Popular culture can adversely affect the landscape through the spread of uniform, standardized architecture and commercialization of natural resources.

    Describe how popular culture can vary by region.