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The fragment discusses the creation of new sectors in the economy that did not exist previously.
It emphasizes that these new sectors bring opportunities for people (likely in terms of jobs, entrepreneurship, income, and career paths).
It suggests that without the emergence of such sectors, there would be significantly less economic activity and far fewer successful outcomes (e.g., fewer successful ventures or individuals).
The tone implies a link between innovation/sector creation and overall economic dynamism.

New economic sectors: Sectors that arise due to innovation, new technologies, or new organizational ideas and practices.
Opportunities for people: The ways individuals can participate in the economy (employment, entrepreneurship, skill development, higher earnings) as a result of new sectors.
Economic activity: Overall level of production, output, employment, and trade; influenced by the breadth and vitality of sectors.
Consequence of non-emergence: If new sectors did not appear, economic activity would be reduced and fewer successes would occur.

Emergence of new sectors drives growth: Innovation leads to the creation of markets that did not exist before, expanding the economic base.
Human capital opportunities: New sectors provide pathways for employment, training, and entrepreneurial activity, expanding career options for people.
Economic activity as a function of sector breadth: The size and diversity of sectors contribute to total output and livelihoods; more sectors typically relate to higher aggregate activity.
Contrast scenario described: A world without new sectors would experience stagnation or slower growth, with fewer successful enterprises or individuals achieving economic milestones.

Innovation and growth: Aligns with the idea that technological progress and new business models are key drivers of long-run economic growth.
Entrepreneurship and labor market dynamism: New sectors create demand for new skills and allow for career mobility and diversification.
Creative destruction: The introduction of new sectors can render older activities obsolete, but also enables reallocation of resources to higher-value opportunities.

Policy and education: Encouraging innovation, R&D, and entrepreneurship can foster the creation of new sectors and opportunities.
Retraining and transition: As new sectors emerge, workers may need retraining to participate effectively.
Inequality and inclusion: Access to opportunities created by new sectors should be addressed to avoid widening disparities.
Real-world relevance: In modern economies, sectors such as digital economy, renewable energy, biotech, and platform-based services have historically created broad opportunities and economic activity (not explicitly named in the fragment but consistent with the idea).

If a breakthrough in artificial intelligence leads to new service sectors (e.g., autonomous logistics), millions may gain employment and new startups may form, boosting overall activity.
If there were no new sectors for decades, economic growth could stagnate, unemployment could rise in certain cohorts, and innovation incentives would weaken.

The fragment ends abruptly with "a lot fewer successful"; the full source likely continues with what constitutes "successful" (entrepreneurs, ventures, careers, outputs).
Additional examples, data, or case studies may be provided elsewhere in the transcript to illustrate the points above.