Communication for Various Purposes Notes

Communication is the meaningful exchange of information between or among people.
It can be:
- Casual
- Formal
- Informal
Expressed using:
- Words
- Signs
- Sounds
- Behavior
Purpose: To bring people closer.
Reasons for communication:
- To inform
- To inspire or motivate
- To actuate
- To entertain
- To instruct
These purposes influence the kind of information given.

Informative
Persuasive
Argumentative
Advertising: The art of persuasion.
Persuasive texts in media:
- Publicity
- Promotions
- Ploys
- Promises
Recognize and decode ads and tactics to develop critical and media literacy skills.

Purpose: To teach the audience.
The speaker presents the what, why, and how of the topic.
Informative value is measured by how novel and relevant the information is.
Arrangement: Clear and logical manner.
The receivers should understand the message and gain new knowledge.
Examples:
- News Report
- Class Demo Teaching
- Symposium
- Seminar
Guidelines for Successful Informative Speech
- Choose an appropriate topic
- Limit the topic and determine the central idea
- Present the specific purpose in a clear, concise, declarative sentence.
- Make a tentative outline

Persuasive communication is an art of gaining fair and favorable considerations for our point of view.
The message attempts to influence people’s beliefs, attitudes, and behavior.
A person with this purpose must be credible and able to present facts, statistics, quotes, or personal experiences to make people believe.
Elements:
- Choice among options
- Advocates something through a speaker
- Turns the audience into agents of change
- Asks for strong audience commitment
- Gives importance to speaker’s credibility
- Appeals to feelings
- Has higher ethical obligation
Examples:
- Politician’s speech
- Commercial
- Product demonstration
- Religious group inviting someone to attend service

To Convince: Seeks approval for a recommendation.
To Stimulate: Seeks audience to sympathize with proposals and reinforce existing beliefs, attitudes, and emotions.
To Actuate: Audience takes action right after hearing the persuasive speech.

Emotional:
- Should not be overdone.
- Must have a logical basis.
Personal:
- Speaker should have a respectable character.
Logical:
- Should observe ethical standards.
- Free from any attempt to deliver emotional or biased argument.

An argument aims to convert the listeners or the audience to agree on the point of view of the sender of the information.
Focuses on controversial issues.
The speaker is expected to present evidence to support his side.
Persuasive aims to influence beliefs, attitude, and behavior, argumentative makes people accept a fact or point of view of the speaker.
Relies heavily on sound proof and reasoning.
Aristotle's three primary forms of proof:
- Logos: Appeals to the audience's reason, building up logical arguments.
- Ethos: Appeals to the speaker's status or authority, making the audience more likely to trust them.
- Pathos: Appeals to the emotions, trying to make the audience feel angry or sympathetic.

Defective evidence
- Misuse facts
- Statistical fallacies
- Defective testimony
- Inappropriate evidence
Defective Patterns
- Evidential fallacies
- Slippery slope

Written is any type of message that makes use of the written word.
The most important and effective mode of business communication.
Should be carefully worded and constructed to convey the exact meaning to its readers.
Should be free from grammatical errors.
Samples of written communication used internally for business operations are memos, reports, bulletins, employee manuals, e-mails, training materials, and other similar documents.

Address of the Sender
Date of Writing
Recipient’s Address
Salutation Greeting
Body of the letter
Closing
Signature
Enclosed Documents – List any supporting documents attached at the bottom of the letter. This section should be titled “Enclosures”
Typist’s Identification – If someone else typed the letter, include his/her initials at the bottom of the page.
Copy notation – Needed when others are being sent a copy of the letter. Use c (for copy) and cc (for carbon copy or courtesy copy) followed by a colon and a list of the full names of individuals receiving copies.
- Example: cc Tina Palma