Reviewer-for-Midterms-RelEd
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Title: RELED 11 MIDTERM REVIEWER
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Overview of the New Testament
Presents the life and works of Jesus Christ
Jesus’ birth, teachings, passion, death, and resurrection are narrated
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The Gospels
Four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John
Authored by evangelists (from Greek "euangelion", meaning "Good News")
Principal witnesses to Jesus' life and teachings
Not strict biographies; rather, faith accounts encouraging belief in Jesus
27 books of the New Testament are organized into categories
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Acts of the Apostles
details the early spread of the Good News and the formation of the early Church
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Letters (Epistles)
21 letters in the New Testament, primarily by St. Paul
Offer advice on doctrinal positions and practical guidelines for Christian living
Notable letters: Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Hebrews, etc.
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Stage 1: Jesus’ Earthly Life (1 – 30 A.D.)
Narrates Jesus' works and words; born circa 6 B.C. - 4 B.C., crucified in 30 A.D.
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Salvation through Jesus
Jesus saves from sin and reconciles humanity with God through His Passion, Death, and Resurrection
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Salvation as God's promise fulfilled through Jesus
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Stage 2: Oral Tradition (30 - 64 A.D.)
The period following Jesus’ resurrection where the Good News was shared verbally
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Kerygma
Initial proclamation by the apostles after Pentecost, sharing Salvation through Jesus
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Stage 3: Written Gospel (65 - 100 A.D.)
Gospels written over 30-40 years, unique in religious literature
Faith testimonies of Jesus' Life, Death, and Resurrection meant to guide believers
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Synoptic Gospels
Matthew, Mark, and Luke share similarities and are studied together
"Synoptic" means "to see together"
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Gospel of John
Different in length and tone compared to Synoptics; contains unique accounts and teachings
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St. Matthew
Represented by a divine man; focuses on Jesus' humanity and genealogy
Highlights Jesus’ humble nature throughout the Gospel
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St. Mark
Symbolized by the winged lion; references Isaiah in his Gospel
The lion represents royalty and the prophetic spirit in nature
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St. Luke
Represented by a winged ox; emphasizes sacrifice and priestly character of Jesus
Includes key parables about reconciliation
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St. John
Symbolized by a rising eagle; presents profound theological insights
Famous for the prologue and teachings about Jesus as the eternal Word
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Lesson 2: The Incarnation of Christ
Explores the significance and meaning of Jesus' Incarnation
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Definition of Incarnation
The Son of God took on human nature while retaining divine nature
This union is known as the hypostatic union
Jesus is 100% human and 100% divine
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Meaning of
Incarnation means "to make into flesh"; Jesus as "truly God, truly human"
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Jesus' Jewish Background
Raised in Jewish culture and practiced Jewish traditions
Declared divinity in discussions with Pharisees (Jn 8:58)
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Holistic Nature of Human Beings
Humans are not only mind and body but also possess a spirit
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Palestine at Jesus’ Time
Jews lived under Roman rule, faced heavy taxation, and believed tax should serve religious purposes
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Jewish Adaptation to Christ’s Teachings
Jesus influenced Jewish culture through teachings, healing, and establishing new traditions
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Recognizing Worship Centers
Jesus upheld synagogues and the Temple as places of worship and instruction
Weekly Sabbath service represented Jewish communal life
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Synagogue Function
Synagogues safeguarded sacred scrolls and served as community meeting points
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Prayer Life of Jesus
Jesus engaged in Jewish prayer customs and observed yearly rituals
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Daily Jewish Prayers
Jews prayed three times daily, reciting the "Shema" at dawn and nightfall
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Teaching on the Sabbath
Sabbath day for rest and worship; followed specific prayer and scripture readings
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New Meaning for Jewish Festivals
Jesus gave new perspectives on Jewish festivals, enhancing their significance
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Communal Character of Jewish Feasts
Feasts emphasized unity among Jews, notably Passover for liberation from Egypt
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Jesus and the Torah
The Torah, central to Jewish worship, includes the first five books of the Old Testament
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Significance of Jesus’ Baptism
Initiated His public ministry; witnessed phenomena: opened heavens, descending spirit, divine proclamation (Mt 3:17)
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Meaning of Opened Heavens
Symbolizes God's presence and intervention through Jesus
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Descent of the Dove
Signifies empowerment of Jesus for His mission
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Divine Proclamation
Affirmation of Jesus as the beloved Son and Messiah
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Jesus’ Baptism and Mission
Revealed His identity and mission; marked the onset of His public teachings
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Overview of Jesus’ Missioning
Baptism as the start of Jesus' mission, confirmed by divine acknowledgment and Spirit's anointing
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Christian Baptism according to CCC
Sign of the cross marks the candidates for baptism, indicating connection to Christ and redemption
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Proclamation of the Word
Enlightens candidates; connects them to the faith community through baptism
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Exorcism and Anointing
Rituals signify liberation from sin; candidates renounce Satan and receive grace
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Consecration of Baptismal Water
Invokes God’s blessing through prayer, signifying new birth in the Spirit
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Apostles of Christ
Chosen by Jesus to succeed Him in teaching; viewed as early bishops and priests
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List of Apostles
Simon Peter: Fisherman, 'rock', feast day June 29
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Andrew
Brother of Peter, also a fisherman from Bethsaida
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James and John
Sons of Zebedee; nicknamed 'sons of thunder'
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Philip
From Bethsaida; asked Jesus about Gentiles (Jn 12:20)
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Thomas
Also known as Judas Thomas Didymus
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Bartholomew
Identified as Nathanael
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James and Matthew
James ('the less') and Matthew, tax collector identified with Levi
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Thaddeus
Known for aiding those despairing; son of James
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Judas Iscariot
Infamous as "the traitor"
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Confirmation Sacrament Overview
Laying on of hands seen as central; signifies Holy Spirit's descent
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Anointing with Chrism
Accompanied by wording reflecting the sealing by the Holy Spirit
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Essential Elements of Anointing
Emphasizes gifts of the Holy Spirit in confirmation
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Seal of Confirmation
Represents the safeguard of graces from baptism through the Holy Spirit
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Effects of Confirmation
Confers graces similar to those granted to the Apostles at Pentecost
Increases and deepens graces received at baptism.