Fall 2025 CHM2045 Exam 2 Review Study Guide

Fall 2025 General Chemistry 1 Exam 2 Review Study Guide

Introduction

• Course: CHM2045 (General Chemistry 1)

• Exam Coverage: Chapters 5-8 and specific chapters from Lopez/Tro textbook (Ch 6-9).

Study Edge Information

• Location: Study Edge is located on the edge of campus, open Sunday to Friday from 10 AM to 6 PM, closed on Saturday.

• Services Offered: Review Sessions, Practice Problems, Mock Exams, Expert Study Plans, Study Hours.

  • Review Sessions are conducted by experts with extensive experience (average of over 5 years).

  • Study Hours: Questions can be addressed after review sessions; details on scheduling can be found online.

  • Online content includes two types of videos: short concept explanations and longer in-person session recordings.

  • Membership details are available at studyedge.com.

Exam Review Overview

• Instructor: Rich, email chm2045@studyedge.com; forum for questions preferred.

  • Background: Degree in Chemistry with extensive exam exposure.

• Session Duration: Approximately 3.5 - 4.0 hours.

• Topics Covered: Gases, thermochemistry, calorimetry, quantum numbers, periodic trends.

• Following the session: Complete end-of-packet problems, use online resources for video solutions and guidance with questions.

Course Grade Breakdown

• Exams: 60%

• Final Exam: 20%

• Remaining Work (HW, Quizzes, etc.): 20%

  • Example grade breakdown for various professors available.

Properties of Gases

• Ideal Gas Behavior:

  • Gases behave ideally under low pressure and high temperature; further apart and more collision energy.

• Gas Laws: Definitions and Equations:

  • Boyle's Law: Inverse relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V) at constant moles and temperature.
    $P<em>1 V</em>1 = P<em>2 V</em>2$

  • Charles' Law: Direct relationship between volume (V) and temperature (T) at constant moles and pressure.
    $rac{V<em>1}{T</em>1} = rac{V<em>2}{T</em>2}$

  • Amonton's Law: Direct relationship between pressure (P) and temperature (T) at constant volume and moles.
    $rac{P<em>1}{T</em>1} = rac{P<em>2}{T</em>2}$

  • General Gas Law: Relationship of P, V, and T at constant n.
    $rac{P V}{T} = n R$

  • Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): 273 K and 1 atm with 1 mole of gas occupying 22.4 L.

Ideal Gas Law

• Equation:
  $PV = nRT$
  where R = 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol).

• Applications: Finding moles, performing stoichiometry, determining molar mass.

• Important Gas Relationships: Avogadro’s Law for volume and moles, gas mixing relationships, etc.

Thermodynamics Concepts

• First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy conservation (cannot be created or destroyed), heat transfer and work done referenced in systems.

  • Internal Energy relation: $ΔU_{sys} = q + w$
    where q = heat, w = work.

  • If work is done on the system, it is positive, while work done by the system is negative.

• Calorimetry: Heat changes in chemical reactions within calorimeters.

  • Equations used for heat transfer and calorimetry problems detailed, notably the relationship between q for water and metal systems.

Quantum Theory: Light and Electromagnetic Radiation

• Light is both a wave and a particle (wave-particle duality).

  • Wave Equation: $c = vλ$

  • Photon Energy Equation: $E = hν$
    where h = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s).

• Distinctions between visible light and X-ray properties, emission/absorption scenarios (Lyman series).

Advanced Quantum Concepts

• Quantum Numbers: Four Key Components

  1. Principal Quantum Number (n) - shell level.

  2. Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) - shape of orbital.

  3. Magnetic Quantum Number (m_l) - orientation in space.

  4. Spin Quantum Number (m_s) - direction of electron spin.

• Max capacity calculations: For shell and subshell systems referred to throughout the study syllabus.

Additional Calculated Examples

• Heat Change Calculations: Molar heat and specific reactions assessed demonstrating calorimetric calculations and determination of thermal changes.

• Equilibrium & Reactions Involving Gases and Thermodynamics Adjustments: Comprehensive theoretical coverage along with practical applications across various known chemical systems.

End-of-Packet Problems

• A series of problems were provided to reinforce the learnings about gases, energy calculations, thermodynamics, and quantum theory applications. Each problem has clear stepwise methods and approaches detailed with expected numerical outputs.

Practical Application Scenarios

1. Gas Calculations: Practical assessment of gases (like nitrogen and methane) under variable pressure conditions assessed for the realistic approach in laboratory settings.

2. Thermal Energy Assessment Techniques: These concepts govern learning toward understanding physical interactions and reactions.

Closing Note

• Following the tips, concepts, and problems listed, students are encouraged to stay proactive in engaging with materials, utilizing online study resources, and post session inquiries on the respective class platforms.