HOSA and Health Science Study Guide

HOSA Foundations and Governance

• Core Organizational Knowledge:

  • HOSA mission, purpose, and goals

  • HOSA creed

  • HOSA colors, emblem, and motto

  • HOSA history

  • HOSA organizational structure

  • National and state officers

  • HOSA recognition programs

  • Official study sources:

  • HOSA Handbook

  • HOSA Bowl Guidelines

• Event Programs and Conferences:

  • Competitive event program structure

  • HOSA conferences:

  • Regional Conference

  • State Conference

  • International Leadership Conference (ILC)

• Parliamentary Governance:

  • Parliamentary authority used by HOSA: Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised

Parliamentary Procedure

• Classification of Motions:

  • Main Motion

  • Amend

  • Refer to Committee

  • Postpone Definitely

  • Previous Question

  • Lay on the Table

  • Take from the Table

  • Reconsider

  • Rescind

• Voting Requirements and Procedures:

  • Majority vote

  • Two-thirds vote

  • Voice vote

  • Roll call vote

• Meeting Rules and Operational Mechanics:

  • Quorum requirements

  • Agenda construction and order

  • Minutes recording

  • Chair responsibilities

  • Member rights

  • Debate limits and rules

  • Motion rankings

  • Debatable status of motions

  • Amendable status of motions

  • Vote required for motion passage

Anatomy and Physiology

• Major Body Systems:

  • Skeletal system

  • Muscular system

  • Nervous system

  • Endocrine system

  • Cardiovascular system

  • Respiratory system

  • Digestive system

  • Urinary system

  • Reproductive system

  • Lymphatic/Immune system

  • Integumentary system

• Anatomic Concepts and Physiological Processes:

  • Major organs and their physiological functions

  • Hormones and endocrine pathways

  • Bones and anatomical landmarks

  • Muscle actions and movement types

  • Complete blood flow pathway through cardiac and systemic circulation

  • Heart anatomy and chamber structure

  • Neuron anatomy and signal conduction

  • Respiratory gas exchange mechanics

  • Kidney nephron function and urine formation

Medical Terminology

• Medical Prefixes:

  • Brady-

  • Tachy-

  • Hyper-

  • Hypo-

  • Poly-

  • Oligo-

  • Dys-

  • A-

  • Anti-

• Medical Suffixes:

  • -itis

  • -ectomy

  • -algia

  • -emia

  • -megaly

  • -oma

  • -osis

  • -pathy

  • -plasty

  • -rrhea

• Combining Forms:

  • cardi/o

  • neur/o

  • oste/o

  • hepat/o

  • gastr/o

  • nephr/o

  • derm/o

  • hemat/o

• Practical Applications:

  • Practice building complex medical terms

  • Practice breaking apart medical terms into prefix, root, and suffix components

Current Health Topics and Organizations

• Public Health Focus Areas:

  • Vaccinations

  • Health disparities

  • Mental health

  • Substance abuse

  • Obesity

  • Diabetes

• Emerging Issues in Healthcare:

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in healthcare

  • Telemedicine modalities

  • Antibiotic resistance

  • Public health emergencies

  • Healthcare workforce shortages

• Major Health Organizations:

  • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • NIH (National Institutes of Health)

  • WHO (World Health Organization)

  • FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

History of Medicine

• Historical Figures:

  • Hippocrates

  • Florence Nightingale

  • Clara Barton

  • Louis Pasteur

  • Robert Koch

  • Alexander Fleming

  • Edward Jenner

  • Jonas Salk

• Major Historical Developments:

  • Germ Theory

  • Vaccines

  • Antibiotics

  • X-rays

  • Modern surgery

Healthcare Systems

• Levels of Care and Settings:

  • Primary care

  • Secondary care

  • Tertiary care

  • Long-term care

  • Home health

  • Hospice care

• Healthcare Insurance Basics:

  • Medicare

  • Medicaid

  • Managed care models

  • PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)

  • HMO (Health Maintenance Organization)

• Interprofessional Dynamics:

  • Healthcare team structure and roles

Health Careers and Education

• Certificate Level Careers:

  • STNA/CNA (State Tested Nursing Assistant / Certified Nursing Assistant)

  • EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)

  • Phlebotomist

• Associate Degree Careers:

  • RN (Registered Nurse)

  • Respiratory Therapist

• Bachelor's Degree Careers:

  • BSN RN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing Registered Nurse)

  • Health Administration

• Graduate / Doctoral Level Careers:

  • Physician

  • PA (Physician Assistant)

  • NP (Nurse Practitioner)

  • Pharmacist

  • Physical Therapist

• Professional Dimensions:

  • Duties and daily responsibilities

  • Scope of practice limits

  • Work settings and environments

Legal and Ethical Practices

• Legal Concepts and Legislation:

  • HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

  • Informed consent protocols

  • Negligence

  • Malpractice

  • Assault

  • Battery

• Ethical Principles:

  • Autonomy

  • Beneficence

  • Nonmaleficence

  • Justice

  • Confidentiality

  • Veracity

• Application:

  • Practice scenario analysis questions

Nutrition

• Core Nutritional Concepts:

  • Macronutrients

  • Micronutrients

  • MyPlate framework

  • Essential nutrients

  • Dietary Guidelines

• Caloric Energy Values:

  • Carbohydrates: $\text{Carbs} = 4\,\text{calories per gram}$

  • Proteins: $\text{Protein} = 4\,\text{calories per gram}$

  • Fats: $\text{Fat} = 9\,\text{calories per gram}$

• Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies:

  • Vitamin C deficiency leads to Scurvy

  • Vitamin D deficiency leads to Rickets

  • Iron deficiency leads to Anemia

Safety

• Emergency Protocols:

  • Fire safety protocol: RACE

  • Extinguisher operation protocol: PASS

• Safety Guidelines and Standards:

  • Fall prevention protocols

  • Emergency preparedness strategies

  • Hazard communication standards

  • Ergonomics principles

Infection Control

• Chain of Infection Steps:

  1. Agent

  2. Reservoir

  3. Portal of Exit

  4. Mode of Transmission

  5. Portal of Entry

  6. Susceptible Host

• Infection Control Precautions:

  • Standard precautions

  • Contact precautions

  • Droplet precautions

  • Airborne precautions

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Sequences:

  • Sequence for Putting On (Donning) PPE:

  1. Gown

  2. Mask

  3. Goggles

  4. Gloves

  • Sequence for Removing (Doffing) PPE:

  1. Gloves

  2. Goggles

  3. Gown

  4. Mask

Math Conversions

• Household to Metric Conversions:

  • $1\,\text{tsp} = 5\,\text{mL}$

  • $1\,\text{tbsp} = 15\,\text{mL}$

  • $1\,\text{oz} = 30\,\text{mL}$

  • $1\,\text{cup} = 240\,\text{mL}$

  • $1\,\text{pint} = 480\,\text{mL}$

  • $1\,\text{quart} = 960\,\text{mL}$

• Weight Conversions:

  • $1\,\text{kg} = 2.2\,\text{lb}$

  • $1000\,\text{mg} = 1\,\text{g}$

  • $1000\,\text{mcg} = 1\,\text{mg}$

• Temperature Conversion Formulas:

  • Fahrenheit calculation: \text{^\circ F} = \left(\frac{9}{5} \times \text{^\circ C}\right) + 32

  • Celsius calculation: \text{^\circ C} = (\text{^\circ F} - 32) \ac{5}{9}