psych 1

1. What does developmental psychology study? Answer: Age-related changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death. 2. What is the main focus of the nature vs. nurture debate? Answer: How both genes and environment shape development. 3. What kind of twins share 100% of their genes? Answer: Identical twins. 4. What kind of twins share about 50% of their genes? Answer: Fraternal twins. 5. Which research method compares people of different ages at one point in time? Answer: Cross-sectional research. 6. Which research method follows the same people over time? Answer: Longitudinal research. 7. What is the first sense to develop in infants? Answer: Touch. 8. What is a schema? Answer: A mental framework used to organize and interpret information. 9. What is assimilation in Piaget’s theory? Answer: Fitting new information into existing schemas. 10. What is accommodation in Piaget’s theory? Answer: Changing schemas to fit new information. 11. During which Piaget stage does object permanence develop? Answer: Sensorimotor stage. 12. During which Piaget stage does egocentrism occur? Answer: Preoperational stage. 13. Which Piaget stage involves logical thinking and understanding conservation? Answer: Concrete operational stage. 14. Which Piaget stage includes abstract and hypothetical thinking? Answer: Formal operational stage. 15. What is object permanence? Answer: Knowing that things exist even when not seen. 16. What is egocentrism? Answer: Inability to see another person’s point of view. 17. What is animism? Answer: Believing objects have life or feelings. 18. What is conservation? Answer: Understanding that quantity stays the same despite changes in appearance. 19. Who said learning happens through social interaction? Answer: Vygotsky. 20. What is attachment? Answer: A strong emotional bond with special others. 21. Which parenting style is strict with high expectations? Answer: Authoritarian. 22. Which parenting style is caring but firm? Answer: Authoritative. 23. Which parenting style has few rules or limits? Answer: Permissive. 24. What is adolescence? Answer: Transition between childhood and adulthood. 25. What is the imaginary audience? Answer: Belief that everyone is watching and judging you. 26. What is the personal fable? Answer: Belief that one’s experiences are unique and bad things won’t happen to them. 27. What is emerging adulthood? Answer: Ages 18–25, between teen and full adult. 28. What is late adulthood? Answer: Stage of life with slower functions and memory decline. 29. What theory says aging is built into our genes? Answer: Programmed theory. 30. What theory says aging is caused by accumulated damage? Answer: Damage theory. 31. What is an empty nest? Answer: When children leave home and parents live alone. 32. What are the five stages of grief in order? Answer: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance.