guilded age & progressive era

  • homestead act: govt. encouraged western expansion by giving land opportunties to businesses w low prices

  • dawes act: for native american families to own land → led to cultural division and Americanizing them

  • John Deere: made steel plow and mechanical repear

    • implications: more mechanizing systems → Guilded Age w more technololgy, less famers needed which led to more factories.

  • transcontinental railroad → growth of cattle industry

  • Wounded Knee Massacre: Sioux tribe wanted to drive the white man out, and did a religious movement w dancing and killed cattle.

  • what animal did the govt, encourage to kill to limit Native Americans? → Bison

  • Vanderbilt: railroads

  • Rockefeller: Gasoline & Keroscene

  • Carnegie: Bessemer Steel Process

  • Baron: electrical power

  • what did Vanderbilt create other than railroads? → steamboats and steam-trains

  • why was Carnegie was important in the industries of the Guilded Age? → helped build railroads, factories, skyscrapers

  • what did keroscene & gasoline replace? → replaced whale oil, helped make this industry safer and more available

  • why was Rockefeller so powerful: created Standard Oil Company, made monopoly.

    • had full market control of the US oil industry by buying out diff. companies, and if refused, Standard Oil lowered their prices so that others couldn’t compete

    • led to progressive action and made monopolies illegal, which ended the guilded age

  • Thomas Edison electrical system: direct current (DC)

  • Nicoli Tesla electrical system: alternating current (AC)

  • Carnegie’s program of philantropy: Gospel of Wealth

    • what did the Gospel of Wealth support? → education, research, libraries, univeristy

  • Rockefeller’s program of philantropy and what did they support: Rockefeller Foundation: health research & education

  • what were the two views of monopolies? → Captains of the Industry & Robber Barrons

    • Robber Barrons: got rich off the labor of others, exploitation and unfairness

    • Captains of the Industry: built modern America and created countless jobs

  • JP Morgan: banker, created GE Electric w Edison, got steel for Panama, helped bil out US govt.

  • Haymarket Riot: demands for 8 hr work day, someone threw a bomb and many casualities

    • what did this lead to → a bad wrap for labor unions

  • Homestead Strike: people work for Carnegie made a blockade to restrict replacement of employees, led to violence

  • Pulman Strike: railroad workers on strike, threatened to stop rail traffic → government intervening

    • the pulman strike led to more government regulation and involvement in labor union activities

  • nativism: native citizens should be prioritized more than the new immigrants

  • Chinese Exclusion Act: California Gold Rush & railroad accelerated Chinese immigration → got repealed in WWII

  • political machines: persuaded large groups of people to vote for one candiate for a job/money

    • ex. new immigrants in NY

  • Pendleton Civil Servce Reform Act: replaced spoil system with merit-based system

    • bcs too many polticial machines and assasinations of resentment

  • 18th Amendment: temperance. made it illegal to transport, buy, and prooduce alcohol

  • 19th Amendment: women suffrage. right to vote

  • 16th Amendment: fed govt. w income tax

  • 17th Amendment: voters can directly vote for senators

  • intersate commerce act: created ICC that regulates railroads & prevented them from charaging unfairly shipping rates

  • sherman antiturst act - made monopolies illegal. end of Guidled Age   

    • led to the breakup of Rockefeller’s Standard Oil

  • populist party: opposed banks, for the poor farmer, no railraoads, no to national bank, direct election of senators

  • Ida B. Wells: anti-lynching

  • WEB De Bois: created the NAACP - still the most sucessful civil rights org.

  • Federal Reserve Act - put in place so that no major economic depressions. reserves throughout the nation.