Chapter 4-6 Summary

Chapter 4: Software

  • Definition: Software (SW) is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

  • Types of SW:

    • Proprietary (commercial)

    • Open Source

    • Distribution methods include local installation, SaaS, and subscription.

Key Terms

  1. Beta Version: Early testing phase which may have weaknesses.

  2. Restore Point: A saved state of the system.

  3. Installation Types: Full installation vs custom installation.

  4. System Requirements: Necessary specifications for software to run.

  5. EULA: End User License Agreement.

Types of Application Software

  • Target Audience: Small and large businesses.

  • Examples:

    • Accounting Software

    • Desktop Publishing (DTP)

    • Web Application Software (WAS)

    • Vertical Market Software

    • Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

    • Multimedia Software (as per textbook).

Application Types and Purposes

  • Word Processing:

    • Use: Create documents (e.g., Microsoft Word, Google Docs).

  • Spreadsheet Software:

    • Use: Financial/statistical calculations (e.g., Excel, Google Sheets).

  • Email Software:

    • Use: Manage emails and contacts (e.g., Outlook, Gmail).

  • Productivity Software:

    • Use: Structured data management (e.g., Access, LibreOffice Base).

  • PDF Software:

    • Use: Viewing/creating documents (e.g., Adobe Acrobat).

  • Presentation Software:

    • Use: Create slideshows (e.g., PowerPoint, Google Slides).

  • Desktop Publishing Software:

    • Use: Combine text and graphics (e.g., Publisher).

  • Personal Information Managers:

    • Use: Manage schedules and contacts.

  • Remote Desktop Software:

    • Use: Access a computer's desktop remotely.

Chapter 5: System Software

  • What is System Software?:

    • Software enabling user applications.

    • Includes device drivers and interfaces with hardware.

Types of System Software

  • Operating System (OS)

  • Network Operating System (NOS)

  • Utility Software

Operating Systems

  • User Interface Types:

    • Command-driven, menu-driven, graphical (GUI).

  • Components:

    • User accounts, anti-virus software, data management.

Chapter 6: Hardware

  • Definition: Physical components of a computer system.

Types of Hardware

  • System Unit, Monitors, Speakers, Keyboards, Mice, Tablets, 2-in-1, Smartphones, Ultrabooks, Laptops, Desktops.

How CPU Works

  • Machine Cycle: Fetch, decode, execute, store.

    • Components: Control unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

Types of CPU

  • Single Core: One core for processing.

  • Dual Core: Two cores for simultaneous processing.

  • Quad Core: Four cores for enhanced performance.

  • Performance Considerations: Power users may prioritize high clock speed and multiple cores.

Memory Subsystem

  • Components: CPU registers, caches (L1, L2, L3), SSDs, RAM, ROM.

  • Storage Considerations: RAID configurations, SSD vs HDD, and address to cloud storage.

Evaluation Criteria for System Upgrade

  • CPU Usage: Levels of performance required.

  • Memory Requirements: Minimum 4 GB.

  • Storage Options: SSD for fast start-up. RAID for performance/mirroring.

  • Video and Audio Requirements: GPU memory, HDMI ports, and audio capabilities.