Memorized notes

NATIONALISM and SECTIONALISM

Nationalism: simple pride in your country

extreme nationalism: the belief that your country is superior and is higher than other countries

Significant things you wanted to grow in your country:

  1. geographical size'

  2. economic wealth

  3. political power'

Sectionalism: division between states North and South (economic, political, and social divisions in North and South)

Nationalism grows = Sectionalism Grows.

ECONOMIC EXPANSION

New Technology: Idea to make things move faster

Agriculture: Steel Plow, Mechanical Reaper, and Cotton Gin'

  1. Steel Plow: a way to plant faster

  2. Mechanical Reaper: A way to harvest more goods faster

  3. Cotton Gin: (Eli Whitney) producing more cotton quicker and faster

Industrial: Steamboat, Railroads, and Telegraph

  1. Telegraph: (Samuel Morris) a way of talking Morris code

  2. Steamboat: (Robert Fulton) a way to travel faster across the water

  3. Railroad: a way of traveling land quicker and further

Southern Economy:

  • Based on plantations and is highly skilled

  • slavery is a major and increased

  • cash crop= cotton

    • KING COTTON

    • reason for switching to cotton (from tobacco and other crops)

      • 1. Cotton Gin

      • 2. Industrial Indian Removal Act

      • 3.

    • Cotton makes the most money.

  • Slavery:

    • Second biggest money-maker

    • slavery is based in Deep South

  • Life of a slave:

    • hard labor

    • hardly any food

    • slave owners (good or bad)

  • Culture of Slavery:

    • The religious aspect mainly was Christianity (taught by slave owners)

    • attempts to escape but never successful

    • sabotage is the most common attempt to escape

Northern Economy: 1st industrial revolution, market revolution, and Lowell textiles

  • 1st industrial revolution:

    • Mass production: making goods more and faster

    • money comes from factories and industries

    • urbanization: cities start to become more extensive (the north contains all towns)

      • ports are in the north

  • Market Revolution:

    • Start of markets and the depicting of where you can buy and sell things

    • The northern states will contain commerce

      • building and selling goods

  • Lowell Textiles:

    • textiles: cotton cloth

    • factories that Francis Cabot Lowell runs

    • single operator power loomt: used in factories

    • Lowell Mill Girls: are the women that work in these factories

      • issues:

        • lower pay than men

        • bad working conditions

        • no safety

        • overcrowded

The American System: James Madison and Henry Clay, Protective Tariff, and Internal Improvements

  • James Madison and Henry Clay:

    • Madison: President

    • Clay: great compromise

      • they form the American system

      • want to create this for economic growth ( national economy) = $$

      • ends up making sectionalism worse, instead of forming Nationalism

  • Protective Tariff

    • Tariff: tax on imports'

    • Protective: protecting the factories in the North from these foreign products

    • south is not happy because they export, not import

      • creates problems and loses money

    • north is pleased with this because they have factories and do not have a problem

  • Internal Improvements:

    • Improvements will be made to the infrastructure

      • infrastructure: roads, canals, railroads, and levees

    • North: protective tariff and railroads

    • South: roads, canals, and levees

PRESIDENT JAMES MONROE: Missouri Crisis. Missouri Compromise and Monroe Doctrine

  • Missouri Crisis:

    • political problem of sectionalism

    • dealing with a political problem because Missouri wants to become a slave state.'

    • Slavery:

      • Missouri wants to become a slave state because Missouri has no free state paired with it

      • it would create a sense of balance

  • Missouri Compromise:

    • Henry Clay: great compromise

      • Missouri will become a slave state

      • creates Maine as a free state

      • south= slavery and North= no slavery

  • Monroe Doctrine

    • stronger than GW neutrality

    • European states are not allowed to cross the western hemisphere

      • England does not care because it is seen as a waste of time

1824 ELECTION: 4 powerful men

  1. William Crawford

  2. Andrew Jackson

  3. John Quincy Adams

  4. Henry Clay

  • house of representatives vote on the president

  • Henry Clay= head of HOR

    • he does not like Andrew Jackson ( he is the 1st place finisher)

    • Henry Clay makes John Quincy Adams president

      • secret plan: John becomes president, and Clay becomes secretary of state

  • makes Andrew Jackson extremely mad, and he holds grudges

  • corrupt bargain: cheated

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

  • new voting rules

    1. male

    2. white

    3. adult

  • old voting rules

    1. male

    2. white

    3. adult

    4. educational

    5. rich

    6. landowning

  • Andrew Jackson takes advantage of these new rules

  • starts convincing all white male adults to vote for him, and he refers to himself as one of them

    • telling them that he understands what they are going through

    • it’s a method to use when running for president

  • voting day is a huge block party and a ton of alcohol.'

    • voting fraud occurs, but Jackson never enforced any of that.'

  • Jackson wins!!! (easy win)

President of Andrew Jackson: election of 1828, spoiler system, tariff/ nullification crisis, and Indian Removal Act/ trail of tears.

  • Election of 1828:

    • Andrew Jackson wins the election from the new voting rules

  • Spoil System:

    • Jackson creates a system for electing his government jobs by choosing those who have shown loyalty to the president or is friends with him

    • he created this, and all presidents use this after him

  • Tariff/nullification crisis

    • tariff: tax on imported goods

    • suitable for the North and leaves Jackson happy, but it has increased dramatically since the 1828 election

    • south is not happy at all

    • south calls this the abomination of nullification'

      • John C. Calhoun will write a book on this and remain anonymous

      • argues that the South should have a say in the tariff on the states

      • south wants the ability to nullify the laws

      • compromise: south gets to nullify the law of tariff

        • makes Jackson mad

        • threatens to send an army to their state kill all government leaders, and hang John C. Calhoun

      • tariff compromise:

        • Tariff will be slowly reduced over 10 years

        • Jackson will have the ability to send an army to any state refusing to obey laws

  • Indian Removal Act:

    • Americans in the southwest move to Oklahoma

    • Cherokee Nation: will sue the federal government

      • argue in court the right of property

      • un-constitutional take the land

    • Worchester vs. Georgia

      • Supreme Court agrees that this un-constitutional

      • Jackson ignores and forces people too move to OKC

  • Trail of tears:

    • Traveling to Oklahoma led to many people dying due to conditions

EARLY REFORM MOVEMENTS

Abolitionists/ Abolitionisms: William Ford Garrison, Fredrick Douglas, and woman abolitionists

  • Abolitionist and Abolitism: the wanting to free the slaves from slavery

    • believe that slaves should be considered a citizen and not property

  • William Ford Garrison:

    • writes “The Liberator”

      • is about the emancipation of the act of slaves

      • believing that violence is okay to save slaves

    • Fredrick Douglas

      • writes “The North Star”

        • about the same as William Ford Garrison

        • shows little sympathy for women rights

    • Woman Abolitionist

      • believe men and women should be free from slavery

    • Sojourner truth:

      • Wants to free slaves now and wants men and women to be citizens'

    • Lucreia Mott and Cady Stanton

      • Form the woman rights movement

  • Woman’s Rights Movement:

    • Seneca Falls convention

      • start of the women's movement in New York

      • led by Cady Stanton and Lucreia Mott

    • Problems:

      • Women had no right to vote

      • education for men

      • Women do not have the right to property or divorce

    • Resolutions:

      • woman can vote

      • all men and women are equal

    • Susan B. Anthony:

      • leads this movement

      • created: woman suffrage movement

        • goal: Women the right to vote

  • Social reform:

    • temperance

      • alcohol moderation

    • education

      • Horace man

      • created the first school

    • mental health reform

      • asylums

MANIFEST DESTINY

manifest destiny: Americans believed the westward expansion was pre-destined or ordained by God for the American people

  • Mexico and Texas

  • Texas colony:

    • belonged to Mexico

    • Mexican government encouraged Americans to move and to settle- because wanting to make land stable/ securely profitable

      • leading to problems- culture difference: Texans and Americans

    • Americans:

      1. religion: protestant

      2. ethnic: angloscian

      3. language: English

      4. slave owners

    • Mexicans:

      1. religion: roman catholic

      2. ethnic: latino/ latina

      3. language: Spanish

      4. banned slavery

Major Topics:

Economic Expansion: make things move faster

  • southern economy

    • cotton= #1 money maker

      • Cotton Gin ( Eli Whitney)

      • picked by slaves

    • slavery 2nd the biggest money-maker

      • conditions were horrible

        • no safety, barely food, miss treated

      • slave owners are either good or bad

      • culture:

        • religious aspects are polytheistic but are taught Christianity by slave owners

  • Northern Economy

    • 1st industrial revolution

      • the inventions of factories and machinery

      • mass production- creating more things faster

      • urbanization: cities are to grow bugger because of the people in the city

    • market revolutions:

      • Depicts who can buy or sell things

    • Lowell textiles

      • textiles: cloth clothing

      • factories run on loom power

      • Lowell Mill girls: women that are working in this industry hard labor

        • conditions:

          • hard labor

          • no safety

  • American System:

    • James Madison and Henry Clay, protection tariff, and internal improvements

    • James Madison: President

    • Henry Clay: great compromise

    • create the American system to make more money in the economic field and work for them

      • unfair and makes south extremely mad

    • Protective tariff:

      • tariff- tax on imported good

      • protective- protecting the factories in the North from foreign goods

      • creates problems and loses money for South

    • internal improvements:

      • improvements made to the infrastructure

      • south: roads, canals, and levees

      • north: protective tariff and railroads

President James Monroe

  • Missouri crisis - wants to become a slave states

  • Missouri compromise- Maine will become a free state and Missouri is slave state

  • Monroe doctrine-

1824 Election

  • Four powerful people

    • William Crawford

    • Andrew Jackson

    • John Quincy Adams

    • Henry Clay

Jacksonian Democracy : mad about him not winning the election and believed there was corrupt bargain

  • convinces the white adult male to vote for him

  • Jackson new voting rules: white, male, and adult

President Andrew Jackson:

  • Election 1828 : wins by a landslide

  • Spoil system: government jobs depicted whether your friends with the president or has shown him loyalty

  • the tariff: tariff goes up and south is extremely unhappy

    • believe that states should be able to make own decisions and nullify laws

  • tariff of abomination (John C. Calhoun)

    • john writes a book about the nullification

  • nullification crisis: south wants to nullify laws

  • tariff compromise: the tariff will slowly go down throughout the next 10 years and the president is able to send army to states if they do not follow laws

  • Indian removal act: on the way to oklahoma

  • trail of tears: miserable and many dealths

Early Reform Movements

Abolitionist/ Abolitionsim

  • willaim Lord Garrison: wrote “the Liberator”

    • believed slaves should be illegal

  • Fredrick Douglas: wrote “North Star”

    • believed slaves should be illegal

    • sympathy for the woman

  • Woman Abolotionists

    • Cady Stanton and Lucria Mott led this

    • believe woman should have the right to vote

  • Womans rights movement

    • Seneca Falls Convention

      • led by cady stanton and lucria mott

      • men and woman should be equal

      • voting= citizen

    • Susan B. Anthony

      • led the woman rights movement

  • Social Reform (temperance, education, mental health)

    • temperance: moderation in alcohol

    • Education: 1st school is formed

    • mental health: dorothex

      • asylums

Manifest Destiny

  • definition

    • belief that God destined you to be here and the Americans have full control over the western territory

  • Texas colony:

    • belonged to Mexico

    • colonies move to Mexico

    • creates difference in culture

    Americans and Mexicans

  • Texas revolution

    • a. general anne santa

    • alamo

    • goliand massacre

    • san vacinto

    • treaty of valasco