Good to know kr

왔어요? = Asking someone if they’ve arrived is a common way to greet someone who you are familiar with; this is like saying, ”Hi! You are here!”

이번 겨울 들어서 오늘이 제일 추운 것 같아요. = Since this winter has started, I think today’s the coldest.

이번 = is used instead of 이 whenever talking about an event or a time

들다 = often appears as 들어(서) and literally means “since (time/season)“ has became/started… “ means “since winter has started.“ Therefore this sentence naturally means that ever since this winter has started, today’s the coldest day so far.

가벼운 걸로 생각하고 있어요

로 is commonly used with verbs that mean "deciding on" something or "choosing" something, and is used after nouns (here 가벼운 걸 "something lightweight") So it can translate as "I'm thinking of getting a light one."

혹시 조금 더 가벼운 건 없을까요?

Commmon to use negative verbs and verb endings when asking question, to make it less direct

성 property/nature of... 휴대성 uses 휴대 (portable) with the word ending ~성 which means property or nature of the word it comes after. Naturally translates as ity or ness or ance, depending on the word, here: portable

그러다 is commonly used in place of 말하다 or 하다 when making quotes, to say so or just to say (that). It also can used outside of quotes to mean "to do so." Here 도착했다고 그래서요 means "it's because they say that they arrived.."

~지 ending meaning "weather (or no),"which is used of unknown information. The ~지 ending can often translate as "perhaps" or "maybe" - 저 앞에 사고 났는지 "Maybe because there was an accident

맞다 (to be correct/right) can be used after a noun - often together with the subject marker, to ask if something is correct, or to say that is correct.

쭉 means "straight (in a line) but can also refer to "time", in which case it can mean "for a long, continuous amount of time" - just like a straight line

(으)려면 comes from the form (으)려고 하면and means "if (one) intends to" or "if (one) is going to" do something. Common natural way to translate the (으)려면 is als "(in order) to." Here 선아 오려면 literally means "if Seon-a intends to come here" or "i Seon-a is going to come here," but more naturally can translate as "in order for Seon-a to come here" or just "for Seon-a to come here."

만 is used after an amont of time to mean that time has passed since something happened. This used as 만에 (as an adverb) or 만이다. Here, this means "How many years since (meeting)?"

어쩜 is short for 어쩌면 and means "how" or "why but with more emphasis. It can also mean "maybe" depending on its usage. (how come can be also)

치고(는) is used after a noun (here, after 거) when something is out of the ordinary for that noun. It translates naturally as "for (being)." Here, "for having been busy something is out of the ordinary.." = 정신없던 거 치고는 훨씬 더 어려보이는 거 아나냐구

것 아니다 can be used in questions (here 거 아니냐구) to literally mean "is it not..," with both action verbs and descreptive verb. In informal speech, this form is commonly used to make an assumption about something. Instead of just saying "You look much younger", adding this form has the nuance of saying "Don't you look much younger?"

금방 means "a moment later from now" but can also be used with 이다 to mean that something happens in just a moment; for distances, this can translate as "it's next door!"

그러니까 it can translate as "You se.." or "Let me explain..". It's common to use together with command, in which case it can translate as "So (because of what I just said)..."

그래야 is from 그러다 (to do so, to say so) and the 야 ending, which attaches after a conjugated verb and means "only if". Together it means "only if you do that/so."

남다, 늦다, 젖다, 비다 all uses the past tense when no need to emphasize the present tense

Using 밖에 with 안 되다 is common way to say that is "only" an amount of time (ex. "It's only June")

더라니까(요) is originally from 더라고 하니까(요), which uses quoting form. While 더라고(요) can translate as "I remember.." or "I recall..." adding 니까(요) to the end adds emphasis to what speaker has just said, and can translate naturally as "I'm telling you," or "That's what I'm saying". It's informal form, shouldn't be used in formal or more polite speech.

공감 means "sympathy", or when you feel the same way as someone else. It's a noun and is normally used with verbs such as 하다 (to sympathize", 느끼다 (to feel), and others, but it can also be used on its own in casual speech, or with the verb 이다 (to be) to mean that the speaker "sympathizes," "agrees," or "relates" with something

친구가 있는 것도 아니고 literally means "it is not even having friends..." and uses the form 도 아니다, which means that something "isn't even." Here 있는 것도 uses the "ing" form of 있다 as 있는 것, so "having friends." In speech, this form can be naturally be used in a similar way as saying "It's not even (like)..."

가지고 is from 가지다 (to take/have/carry), and when used as 가지고 literally means "taking," "having," or "carrying" something. However, in speech 가지고 can also be used to mean "with," "using," or "by" - similar to the (으)로 particle

걸(요) is used after a verb stem to make a guess or an assumption that contradicts what someone else said - "Actually...," or "Probably.." are two natural ways to translate it.

가지고 can attach after any conjugated verb and overall has the same meaning as the 서 form. This form can also be shortened to 갖고, which has a stronger and more informal meaning.

찾다 has several meanings in addition to "to look" and "to find." It's also used to mean "to visit" somewhere, or "to ask for" or "to want" something. Overall 찾다 has the meaning of "to seek".

뭘 사줘도 literally means "even if you buy him what." The 도 form can be used after conjugated verb, together with a question word (뭐, 어디, 왜, 언제, 어떻게, etc.) to mean "no matter (what/where/why/when/how)" someone does something. Here, "no matter what you buy."

소원이 없겠어요 literally means "I wouldn't have any wishes." When used together with the form (으)면, this means that the speaker "wishes" for something to happen. A more natural translation for 면 소원(이) 없겠다 is "I would love nothing more than..." or just "I wouldn't wish for anything else."

어딨어 shortened form of 어디 있어, meaning "where is it?" Can be used in informal speech when you don't believe something that someone else said. Literally, you are asking where it is because you don't believe it exists. Natural way translation: "There is no such thing" or "That's ridiculous." 그런 게 means "that kind of thing (that you're saying)." Not that when used in this way, 어디 있다 is most often combined into one word as 어딨다, then conjugated into a question. This is slang!!

고 말다 is used after action verb stem to mean something "ends up" happening. However, unlike the 게 되다 form which is another form that has the same translation, this form is typically used in the past tense, and also when what happened was something unintentional. If what ended up happening simply happened or was intentional, use 게 되다 instead.

사놓고 comes from 사다 and the 놓다 form, which is used after a conjugated action verb to mean "to finish in advance, and leave. 사놓다 therefore literally means "to buy, and leave it to use later." The 놓다 form is similar to the 두다 form, but the 두다 form is used for leaving things in long-term. As a result, 두다 tends to be used with verbs that mean "remembering" or "thinking" about things.

이런 것도 있고... 이런 것도 있다 is literally saying "there is this kind of thing too.. and there's this kind of thing too" but more naturally can translate as just "There's this... and this..."

이참 means "this chance" or this opportunity" when talking about doing something. With the particle 에 it literally means "at/in this chance/opportunity," and can translate naturally as to "take a chance" to do something, "while (one is) at it," or just "this time."

기(가) 힘들다 can also be mean that's it's "rare" or uncommon" to do something

한번 (으)면 literally means "if" something happens, but can naturally translate as "once."

나오다 ("to come out," "to be released") can also be used to mean "to come out to" when referring to a price.

마침 means something happens right during an opportunity, and can translate many ways including to "happen to be," "fortunately," and "on time."

잘 산 것 같아 literally means "I think I bought it well." 잘 can be used with an action verb in the past tense to mean that someone is "glad" that they did something, or that it's "good" that they did something. More naturally, "I'm glad I bought it" or "It's good that I bought it." Or simply "It was a great deal."

특히 has similar meaning as 특별히, but is used to emphasize or point out something as being "especially" a certain way

짱 (or 짱이다) is a slang expression that can be used when the speaker feels that something's great or admirable. It has similar meaning as 최고. And it is only used in positive situations

가지 can be used in a similar way as 종류, and means a "kind/type" of, or a "variety" of something. However, unlike 종류, 가지 is not used on its own - it's used like a counter. And it does not always need to be translated, and can simply used as an "empty" counter.

(으)려는 참이다 = (으)려고 하는

to be just about to..., to be already intending/going/planning to...

전용 can be used after a noun to mean that something is "only for" or "exclusive" to that noun

좋다 말았네 comes from the 다(가) form meaning "while" and 말다 ("to stop"), and literally means "to stop while..." Here, it means that the speaker was happy and liked it, but then while being happy stopped, because the other speaker told him that he couldn't give the sunscreen to his girlfriend; something that he was looking forward to didn't end up working out. More naturally this sentence can translate as "I almost had it..," or simply "Aw man."

뭘 하면 좋을지 모르겠어요

literally means "I don't know whether it will be good, if I do what."

Or this can translate literally as "I don't know what I do that will be good." More naturally this can be "I don't know what should I do

어디에 가면 좋아요

뭘 가지고 가면 좋아요

뭘 만들면 좋아(요)? or 뭘 만들면 좋을까(요)?

어떻게 하면 좋을까? What should I do? (How should I do it? Can you give me some advice?)

언제 하면 좋을까? When do you think is the best time to do it?