Medical Terms ch1,2,

arthr/o = joint

card/i/o = heart

derm/o/ato = skin

gen/o = origin, cause formation 

ger/o/onto = old age

hem/a/ato = blood

iatr/o = physician

muscul/o = muscle

natal = birth, born

neur/o = nerve

os/teo = bone

path/o = disease

ped/ia = child

phren/o = diaphragm, mind

psych/o = mind

skelet/o = skeleton

tend/o, ten/o = tendon


epi- = upon, above, or in addition

micro- = small

peri- = around

post- = after

pre- = before


-al = adjective suffix

-algia = pain 

-dynia = pain

-gen, - genesis = origin, cause, formation

- ic = adjective suffix denoting of

-itis = inflammation

- logy = study of 

-pathy = disease

-scope = viewing, an instrument used for viewing


arter/i/o = artery

arthr/o = joint

card/i/o = heart

derm/at/o = skin

gen/i/o = origin, cause, formation

ger/o/onto = old age

hem/a/t/o = blood

hydr/o = water

iatr/o = physician

muscul/o = muscle

neur/o = nerve, nerve tissue

oste/o = bone

path/o = disease

ped/i/o = child

phren/o = diaphragm, mind

psych/o = mind

skelet/o = Skeleton

spin/o = spine

tend/i/n/o = tendon


ante- = before

brady- = abnormally slow rate of speed

neo- = new

post- = after

pre- = before

tachy- = rapid, abnormally high rate of speed


ab- = away from, outside of, beyond

ad- = toward, near to

con- = with, within

contra- = against

dia- = across, through

sym- = with

syn- = with, joined together


ес- = outside

ecto- = outside

en- = inside

endo- = within

epi- = upon, following, above, in addition


ex-, exo- = outside

extra- = beyond

hyper- = above, beyond normal

hypo- = low, below, below normal

infra- = inside or below

inter- = between

intra- = inside, within

meso- = middle

meta- = beyond

pan- = all or everywhere

рага- = alongside, near, disordered function

peri- = around

retro- = backward, behind


bi- = two

di-, dipl- = two, twice

hemi- = half

macro- = big

micro- = small

mono- = one

olig-, oligo- = a few, a little

pan- = all or everywhere

poly- = many

quadri- = four

semi- = half, partial

tetra- = four

tri- = three

uni- = one


a-, an- = not

anti- = against, opposed

de- = without

dis- = remove


-algia = pain

-cele = protrusion, hernia

-cyte = cell

-dynia = pain

-ectasis, -ectasia = expansion or dilation

-edema (also a standalone word) = excessive fluid

-emesis = vomiting

-emia = blood


-iasis = condition or state

-ism = a condition of, a process, or a state of 

-itis = inflammation

-lith = stone, calculus, calcification

-lysis = disintegration, breaking down

- malacia = softening

-megaly = enlargement

-oid = resembling or like

-oma = tumor

-osis = abnormal condition

-pathy = disease

-penia = reduction of size or quantity

-phobia = fear

-plasia = abnormal formation

-plegia = paralysis

-pnea = breathing

-polesis = producing

-porosis = porous condition

-ptosis = downward displacement

-rrhage = flowing forth

-rrhea = discharge

-rrhexis = rupture

-sclerosis = hardness

-spasm = muscular contraction

-stasis = level, unchanging

-stenosis = a narrowing


-centesis = surgical puncture

- desis = surgical binding

-ectomy = surgical removal

-gen, -genic, - genesis = origin, producing

-gram = a recording, usually by an instrument

-graph = instrument for making a recording

-graphy = act of graphic or pictorial recording

-meter = instrument for measuring

-metry = act of measuring

-opsy = examination

-реху = surgical fixation

-plasty = surgical repair

-rrhaphy = suture

-scope = instrument for viewing

-scopy = act of viewing

-stomy = artificial or surgical opening

-tome = instrument for cutting

-tomy = incision

-tripsy = crushing


-ian = specialist

-iatrics = medical specialty

-iatry = medical specialty

-ics = medical specialty

-ist = specialist in a field of study

-logy = study of


a-, an- = not, without

ab- = away from, outside of, beyond

ad- = toward, near to

ante- = before

anti- = against, opposed

bi- = two

brady- = abnormally slow rate of speed

con- = with

contra- = against

de- = not

di-, diplo- = two, double

dia- = across, through

dis- = remove

dys- = painful, bad, difficult

ec-, ecto- = outside


en- = inside 

endo- = within

epi- = upon, above, in addition

ex-, ехо- = outside

extra- = beyond

hemi- = half

hyper- = above, beyond normal

hypo- = below, below normal

infra- = inside or below

inter- = between

intra- = inside

macro- = big

meso- = middle

meta- = beyond

micro- = small

mono- = one

neo- = new

olig-, oligo- = a few, a little

pan- = everywhere

рага- = alongside, near

peri- = around

post- = after

pre- = before

quadri- = four

retro- = backward, behind

semi- = half, partial

sym- with

syn- = with, joined together

tachy- = rapid

tetra- = four

tri- = three

uni- = one



-ac, -al, -an, -aneous, -ar, -ary, -eal, -eous, -lac, -latric, -ic, -ical, -oid, -otic, -ous, -tic, -ular = converts a root or a noun term to an adjective

pain = -algia

-cele = protrusion, hernia 

-centesis = surgical puncture

-cyte = cell

-desis = surgical binding

-dynia = pain

-ectasis, -ectasia = expansion or dilation

-ectomy = surgical removal

-edema = excessive fluid in intracellular tissues

-emesis = vomiting

-emia = blood

-genic = origin, producing

-gram = a recording, usually by an instrument

-graph = instrument for making a recording

-graphy = act of graphic or pictorial recording

-ian, -iatrist, -ist, -logist, -logy, -ics, -iatry, -iatrics = specialty of, study of, practice of

-iasis = condition or state

-ism = a condition of, a process, or a state of

-itis = inflammation

-lith = stone, calculus, calcification

-lysis = disintegration

-malacia = softening 

-megaly = enlargement

-meter = device for measuring

-metry = act of measuring 

-oid = resembling or like

-oma = tumor 

-opsy = visual examination

-osis = abnormal condition


-pathy = disease

-penia = reduction of size or quantity

-реху = surgical fixation

-phobia = fear

-plasia = abnormal formation

-plasty = surgical repair

-plegia = paralysis

-pnea = breath, respiration

-poiesis = producing

-porosis = porous condition

-ptosis = downward displacement

-rrhage = flowing forth

-rrhaphy = suture

-rrhea = discharge

-rrhexis = rupture

-sclerosis = hardness

-scope = instrument for viewing

-scopy = act of viewing

-spasm = muscular contraction

-stasis = level, unchanging

-stenosis = a narrowing

-stomy = permanent opening

-tome = instrument for cutting

-tomy = incision

-tripsy = crushing