PASSIVE VOICE

1⃣ Present Simple

Формула: S + am/is/are + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The book is read by many students.

2⃣ Past Simple

Формула: S + was/were + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The letter was written yesterday.

3⃣ Future Simple

Формула: S + will + be + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The project will be completed next week.

4⃣ Present Continuous

Формула: S + am/is/are + being + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The house is being painted at the moment.

5⃣ Past Continuous

Формула: S + was/were + being + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The documents were being checked when I arrived.

6⃣ Present Perfect

Формула: S + has/have + been + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The homework has been done already.

7⃣ Past Perfect

Формула: S + had + been + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The report had been finished before the meeting.

8⃣ Modals

Формула: S + modal + be + V3 (+ by O)

Приклад: The work must be done today.

(can, could, should, might, etc.)

9⃣ Infinitive Passive

Формула: to + be + V3

Приклад: I want the task to be completed by tomorrow.

10⃣ Gerund Passive

Формула: being + V3

Приклад: He is proud of being selected for the team.

11⃣ Perfect Infinitive Passive (C1)

Формула: to have + been + V3

Приклад: She is believed to have finished the work.

12⃣ Reporting structures / C1 Passive

Формула: S + be + said/reported/thought/etc. + to + have + been + V3

Приклад: The novel is said to have been written in 1920.

ЧАС	КОЛИ ВИКОРИСТОВУЄТЬСЯ	ПРИКЛАД
Present Simple	Факт, регулярна дія, загальна істина	The office is cleaned every day.
Past Simple	Дія завершилась у минулому.	The window was broken yesterday.
Future Simple	Дія відбудеться у майбутньому.	The work will be finished next week.
Present Continuous	Дія відбувається зараз.	The documents are being checked at the moment.
Past Continuous	Дія відбувалась у певний момент у минулому.	The report was being prepared when I arrived.
Present Perfect	Дія завершилась, результат важливий зараз.	The homework has been done.
Past Perfect	Дія завершилась до інших подій у минулому.	The report had been submitted before the meeting.
Modals	Можливість, обовʼязок, порада, дозвіл.	The work must be done today.
Infinitive Passive	Після дієслів, що вимагають інфінітиву.	I want the task to be completed.
Gerund Passive	Після прикметників або прийменників.	He is proud of being selected.
Perfect Infinitive Passive	Дія вже завершилась	She is believed to have finished the work.
Reporting / C1 Passive	Офіційні новини, чутки, припущення про минуле.	The book is said to have been written in 1920.