Research-For-Printing-Princess-Joen.docx

Basil's Aromatic Potential: A Home-Based Natural Essential Oil

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing basil as a natural essential oil for home environments.
It bridges the gap between existing research on basil's qualities and its practical applications.
A multi-faceted approach is employed, combining a comprehensive literature review, experimental evaluations of basil-based essential oil, and assessments of scent intensity, longevity, and perceived pleasantness.
The research reveals basil's exceptional aromatic potential, characterized by high intensity, pleasantness, and longevity, making it an attractive alternative to synthetic air fresheners.
The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on natural aromatherapy.
It provides valuable insights for individuals seeking to create a more pleasant and healthy home environment using natural resources.
Keywords: basil plant, essential oil, potential, natural fragrances, essential oil, aromatherapy, homemade, air freshener

Recommendation

Prepared and submitted by DIZON, PRINCESS JOEN BER D. of 12 - BIYO and is hereby recommended for oral examination.
Randy O. Salentes, Ed.D Research Adviser

Approval Sheet

Prepared and submitted by DIZON, PRINCESS JOEN BER D. of 12 - BIYO and is hereby recommended for oral examination.
Randy O. Salentes, Ed.D Research Adviser

Acknowledgement

Expresses gratitude to Dr. Randy O. Salentes for his exceptional teaching and insightful guidance.
Appreciation extends to Lianne Jane Marasigan for her considerable help with the final printing of the paper.
Thank you to Amare Dwayne Garcia for his unwavering support and patience.
Thank you to family for their unwavering love and support and God for granting hope and strength to persevere and complete this research.

Abstract 2
Recommendation 3
Approval Sheet 4
Acknowledgement 5
Table of Contents 6
Chapter 1 8
- Problem and Its Background 8
- Introduction 8
- Background of the Study 9
- Conceptual Framework 11
- Statement of the Problem 12
  - General Statement 12
  - Specific Statement 13
- Hypothesis 13
  - A. Null Hypothesis 13
  - B. Alternative Hypothesis 14
- Significance of the Study 14
- Definition of Terms 17
Chapter 2 20
- Review of Related Literature 20
- Potential: Existing in Possibility 20
- Inhale, Exhale, Then Chill 25
- The Aromatic Fragrances 27
- The Extraction Method 28
- Synthesis 29
Chapter 3 33
- Methodology 33
- Research Design 33
- Research Locale 33
- Population and Sampling Technique 35
- Data Analysis 36
- Data Gathering Procedure 37
Chapter 4 39
- Presentation, Analysis, and Treatment of Data 39
Chapter 5 46
- Conclusions & Recommendations 46
Bibliography 52
APPENDIX 56

Chapter 1: Problem and Its Background

This part of the paper describes and discusses the problem and background of why the study is being conducted.
In addition, this chapter includes the statement of the problem, conceptual and theoretical framework, significance, and the scope and delimitation of the study.

Introduction

The pursuit of a pleasant and inviting home environment has led to a growing interest in natural and sustainable solutions for fragrance.
While synthetic air fresheners dominate the market, concerns about their chemical composition and potential health effects have encouraged a shift towards natural alternatives.
Basil, a culinary herb with a distinct and invigorating aroma, presents a promising candidate for a home-based natural essential oil.
Despite the widespread use of basil in cooking and its recognized aromatic qualities, its potential as a natural essential oil for home environments has been largely unexplored.
Existing research primarily focuses on the chemical composition of basil essential oil and its therapeutic properties, with limited attention paid to its practical application in home fragrance.
This research aims to bridge this gap by investigating the feasibility of using basil as a natural essential oil for home use.
This study will employ a multi-pronged approach to assess the aromatic potential of basil for home fragrance:
- A comprehensive literature review will be conducted to identify the key aromatic compounds present in basil and their olfactory properties.
- A series of experiments will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different basil-based essential oils, including fresh basil leaves, dried basil, and basil essential oil. These experiments will assess factors such as scent intensity, longevity, and perceived pleasantness by human participants.
- The research will explore the feasibility and sustainability of using basil as a home-based essential oil, considering factors such as cost, availability, and environmental impact.

Background of the Study

The pursuit of a pleasant and healthy living environment has led to increased interest in natural solutions for home fragrance.
While synthetic fragrance dominates the market, there is a growing demand for natural alternatives with potential therapeutic benefits.
This study explores the aromatic potential of basil (O. Basilicum) as a home-based natural essential oil scent for diffusers, drawing upon existing research, particularly the findings on the synergistic effects of basil essential oil.
Basil, a culinary herb cherished for its flavor and medicinal properties, has long been recognized for its distinct, refreshing aroma.
Its essential oil, rich in compounds like linalool and eugenol, has been shown to possess calming and mood-boosting effects, making it a promising candidate for natural aromatherapy.
Linalool is a monoterpene compound present in many plants. The enantiomer naturally occurring in essential oil is linalool (A.T. Peana, M.D.L. Moretti, 2008).
Linalool is a widely used fragrance terpene. Pure linalool is not allergic or a very weak allergen. (Christensson et al., 2010).
Eugenol is well known for its diverse applications in various fields such as pharmaceutical, food, flavor, cosmetic, agricultural and numerous other industries. Eugenol is well recognized for its pharmacological properties, viz- antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic (Sharma, A. et. al., 2022).
This study aims to bridge the gap between existing research on basil essential oil and its practical application as a home-based scent diffuser.
This seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge of natural aromatherapy and provide valuable insights for individuals seeking to create a more pleasant and healthy home environment using readily available natural resources.

Conceptual Framework

According to Hanus et al. (2011), in the first experimental year, broad-leaf basil had a higher yield in essential oil (2.1%) than narrow-leaf basil. In contrast, in the second, narrow-leaf basil was more productive in essential oil extraction yield (1.8%) compared to broad-leaf basil.
Production of essential oil varied with the year of cultivation and basil variety.
This study outlines transforming a basil plant into a fragrant essential oil.
The process is meticulously broken down into distinct stages, each contributing to the final product’s quality and effectiveness:
- Input: The initial ingredient is a basil plant, serving as the raw material from which the scent will be extracted.
- Development: Involves the initial planning and conceptualization of the scent diffuser. Encompasses research and explanation of different extraction methods and procedures.
- Methods: Focus on the specific techniques used to extract the scent from the basil plant, including steam distillation, solvent extraction, or other appropriate techniques.
- Procedure: Detailed procedures are established to ensure consistent and effective extraction once the extraction method is chosen. These involve defining the parameters of the extraction process such as temperature, time, and pressure.
- Chemical content analysis to understand its properties and potential effects, including testing and evaluating.
- Final Product: A scent diffuser characterized by its pleasantness, intensity, and longevity, designed to release the extracted basil scent into the environment, providing a pleasant and refreshing aroma.

Statement of the Problem

General Statement: This research explores the potential of basil (ocimum basilicum) as a natural scent essential oil for diffusers, focusing on its unique aromatic qualities and exploring methods to modify its strong scent, creating a more balanced and related aroma experience.
Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) is one of the most common aromatic herbs, a rich source of bioactive compounds and is used extensively to add aroma and flavor to food (Nadeem et. al., 2022).
The leaves, both in fresh and dried form, are used as a culinary ingredient in different cultures. O. Basilicum is also famous for its therapeutic potential and preservation effects.

Specific Statement

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following question:
1. What are the chemical contents of the basil plant as a potential subject for the proposed product?
2. What is the best extract method to get the strongest smell out of basil to make a nice scent in the house?
3. How would you compare the scent of a natural basil diffuser to the scent you typically used at home in terms of:
- Intensity;
- Pleasantness and;
- Longevity.

Hypothesis

Using 95% confidence level or 0.5% accuracy level the following hypothesis were drawn:
- A. Null Hypothesis: Basil has shown no significant potential to be used as a natural scent diffuser.
- B. Alternative Hypothesis: Basil has shown significant potential to be used as a natural scent diffuser.

Significance of the Study

This research holds significant value for both individuals and the environment, exploring the potential of basil as a natural alternative to synthetic air fresheners.
Promoting Sustainable Living: This research encourages a shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly practices by exploring a natural, readily available alternative to synthetic products with potential environmental impacts.
Health and Well-being: The study investigates the potential health benefits of the basil’s aroma, exploring its use as a natural mood enhancer, stress reliever, and even a natural air purifier.
Cost Effective and Accessible: Basil is widely available and inexpensive, making a cost-effective and accessible alternative to commercially reduced air fresheners, promoting self-reliance, and resourcefulness.
Expanding Knowledge of Basil: The research goes beyond the culinary uses of basil, exploring its aromatic potential and its potential benefits for a home environment, contributing to a broader understanding of this versatile herb.
Addressing Concerns about Synthetic Air Fresheners: The study addresses growing concerns about the potential health risks and environmental impacts associated with synthetic air fresheners, offering a natural alternative.
Promoting Natural Aromatherapy: The research contributes to the growing field of natural aromatherapy, exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-based scents of enhancing well-being.
Connecting Traditional Knowledge with Modern Science: The study bridges the gap between traditional knowledge of basil's aromatic properties and modern specific inquiry, exploring the potential of a natural solution for a common need.
Encouraging D.I.Y Solutions: The research empowers individuals to create their own natural scent diffusers, promoting a sense of self sufficiency and creativity.
Raising Awareness of Plant-Based Solutions: The study raises awareness of the potential of plant-based solutions for everyday needs, encouraging a more mindful and sustainable approach to living.
Contributing to a More Pleasant and Healthy Home Environment: These explore the potential of basil to create a more pleasant and healthy home environment, free from the potential hazards of synthetic chemicals.

Definition of Terms

Aromatherapy: The therapeutic use of essential oils for promoting physical, emotional and mental well-being. Aromatherapy involves inhaling, applying or diffusing essential oils to achieve desired effects.
Aromatic Potential: The ability of a substance to release volatile compounds that can be perceived by the sense of smell. These compounds, known as aromatic molecules, contribute to the characteristic scent of a plant or substance.
Basil (Ocimum Basilicum): An aromatic herb belonging to the mint family (Lamia cease). Its leaves are commonly used in cooking, but it also has a long history of medicinal and spiritual uses.
Chemical Content: The specific aromatic molecules present in basil that contribute to its scent. Identifying and analyzing these chemical contents is crucial for understanding the effectiveness of basil as a natural scent diffuser.
Essential Oil: A concentrated, volatile liquid extracted from plants through various methods, such as steam distillation or cold pressing. Essential oils contain the aromatic molecules that give plants their unique sense and are often used in aromatherapy and other applications.
Extract Method: The techniques used to isolate the aromatic compounds from basil. These could include methods like steam distillation, cold pressing, or solvent extraction, depending on the specific research objective.
Home Fragrance: The use of scent to enhance the atmosphere to create a desired ambiance within home. Home fragrance can be achieved through various means including essential oils, candles, incense, and air fresheners.
Natural: Refers to the source of the scent being from a plant, specifically basil, rather than scientifically produced. This emphasizes the use of natural ingredients for home fragrance.
Natural Scent Diffuser: A diffuser that uses natural ingredients, such as essential oils or herbs, to release scents into the air. This research explores the potential of basil as a natural scent diffuser, offering a sustainable and eco friendly alternative to synthetic fragrances.
Potential: A likely hood or capability of basil to effectively diffuse scent and provide a pleasant olfactory experience within the home environment. This research aims to assess the potential of basil as a home-based natural scent diffuser.
Sustainable and Ecofriendly: Practices and products that minimize environmental impact and promote responsible resource use, aligning with growing concerns about environmental sustainability.

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the literature gathered by the researcher and serves as guidelines, guiding principles, and framework for the implementation of the study.

Potential: Existing in Possibility

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most popular aromatic herbs, known for its rich source of bioactive compounds.
According to Nadeem et al. (2022), basil is commonly used to add flavor and aroma to food in various cultures.
The leaves of basil, whether fresh or dried, are commonly used in cooking. Additionally, this herb is famous for its potential health benefits and its ability to help preserve food.
Romano et al. (2022) note that basil leaves contain beneficial compounds like polyphenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, which give them pharmaceutical properties.
Research by Singletory (2018) suggests that other species of Ocimum, such as Holy basil, can help reduce stress and treat conditions like respiratory problems, gastrointestinal issues, kidney problems, blood disorders, and even skin and eye diseases.
Scientific studies support these traditional uses, showing that basil possesses several beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects. These health benefits are attributed to compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, rosmarinic acid, and essential oils including eugenol, chavicol, and linalool.
Basil contains around 92.1% water and small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, lipids, and ash. Its phenolic compounds, such as rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, are recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial benefits. These compounds help reduce the risk of diseases, including cardiovascular problems and cancer, by fighting oxidative stress and scavenging free radicals.
In the culinary world, basil is widely used for seasoning dishes like soups, pasta, sandwiches, and even dips.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a popular annual plant from the Lamiaceae family, is widely cultivated for its distinct aroma, used in various cuisines worldwide.
In 2017, Italy produced nearly 9,000 metric tons of basil from 27,132 hectares of land.
In the culinary world, basil is widely used for seasoning dishes like soups, pasta, sandwiches, and even dips.
The extraction of basil's bioactive compounds is commonly done using traditional methods with solvents like ethanol. However, new methods like supercritical CO2 extraction are becoming popular due to their efficiency, selectivity, and environmentally friendly nature. CO2 extraction has been successful in extracting bioactive compounds from other plants, and it is now being applied to basil for enhanced yield and quality.
Basil, a member of the Ocimum genus in the Lamiaceae family, is an herb with significant culinary, medicinal, and aromatic value. There are more than 20 basil varieties, such as Genovese, sweet, and Mexican basil, each with its unique chemical properties.

Inhale, Exhale, Then Chill

Holy basil, also known as Tulasi in Sanskrit or Tulsi in Hindi, is believed to help the body cope with stress caused by emotional pressures, infections, and other health issues (BCPS et al., 2024).
This herb has been a key part of Ayurvedic medicine in India for over 3,000 years.
Holy basil is available as a dietary supplement in the form of pills or capsules, and its essential oil is extracted from the plant’s leaves and flowers (Shane-McWhorter, L., 2024).
According to research by Lopresti et al. (2022), an extract from Ocimum tenuiflorum (called Holixer™) can help lower both physical and mental stress levels and improve sleep quality, making it a useful natural remedy for stress and sleep issues.
Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy basil or Tulsi), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been used in traditional Indian medicine for its anti-stress, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

The Aromatic Fragrances

Basil (genus Ocimum) is a diverse group of over 30 species, predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with Africa being a key diversity center.
Ocimum basilicum, the most common species, is classified into seven cultivars, including sweet basil, Thai basil, and purple varieties.
Basil intake in humans is generally low, with a typical consumption rate of about 2.2 grams per month, according to a Norwegian study

The Extraction Method

Recent research into alternatives to synthetic food additives has focused on essential oils (EOs), especially basil essential oil (BEO), due to its numerous biological activities.
The extraction method and factors such as cultivar type, cultivation conditions, and harvest time affect the chemical composition of BEO.
This paper provides an overview of both conventional and modern extraction techniques, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications in the research of natural products (Zhang, Q., 2018).
Additionally, it covers extraction methods, phytochemical evaluations, and the development of antimicrobial-treated textiles using different agents (Nortjie, E., 2022).

Synthesis

Basil (Ocimum basilicum), an aromatic herb from the Lamiaceae family, is known for its culinary and medicinal uses.
Cultivated worldwide, it contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils like eugenol and linalool. These compounds provide a range of health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects.
Historically used in traditional medicine, basil has shown promise in treating conditions such as stress, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal problems.
Additionally, basil leaf extracts have been found to reduce stress, improve sleep, and even support the treatment of metabolic disorders.
In the West, basil is commonly used for its flavor and aroma, often featured in dishes like pesto, salads, and sauces.
In conclusion, basil is a multi-faceted herb with a broad range of applications in both food and medicine. The growing body of research into its health benefits continues to reveal new potential, making it an exciting area of study for improving human health and wellness.

Chapter 3: Methodology

Research Design

This study utilizes qualitative research to investigate the aromatic potential of basil as a home-based natural scent diffuser.
According to Pritha Bhandari (2020,), qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data(e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.
Essential oil diffusers are devices that can disperse just a few drops of essential oil throughout a large space.
Essential oil diffusers don't only make your space smell like a lavish spa or a fraction of the price, as stated by Lia Tabackman (2022).
Therefore, this research will adopt a qualitative approach to explore the aromatic potential of basil as a home-based natural scent diffuser.
The study will focus on understanding the sensory experiences, perceived effects, and overall user satisfaction associated with using a basil-based diffuser.

Research Locale

This study will determine the potentiality of basil's aroma as a home-based natural scent diffuser.
This research will be conducted at Benigno "Ninoy" S. Aquino High School to the selected participants from grade 12 STEM students.
This school also offers the STEM Strand in the academic track that focuses on teaching about complex subjects and making the students think critically and solve complex problems.
This study will be conducted in the 2nd semester of the school year 2024-2025. The first month will be utilized for the survey questionnaire. The second month will be used to supply the tools needed for the study. Lastly, the third and fourth months will be assigned to gather the survey questionnaire that was distributed and implement the data gathered.

Population and Sampling Technique

The research will use the selected participants who are enrolled from the academic track grade 12 STEM students in Benigno “Ninoy” S. Aquino High School S.Y. 2024-2025.

Table 3.1 Grade 12 STEM Students

Section	No. of selected Grade 12 Students with Home Air Diffusers
Alcala	5
Biyo	12
Del Mundo	8
Total	25

Table 3.1 shows the number of grade 12 STEM students from each section who own home air diffusers.
The data is broken down by section:
- Alcala: 5 students own home air diffusers
- Biyo: 12 students own home air diffusers
- Del Mundo: 8 students own home air diffusers
In total, 25 grade 12 STEM students across these three sections possess home air diffusers.
This information is likely relevant to a research study investing in the use or prevalence of home air diffusers among this specific student population.
In order to determine the target respondent of this study, the researcher will use Slovin’s formula.
Slovin's formula is a statistical method used to calculate the required sample size for a survey or study, based on the desired margin of error and the total population size.
It is especially useful when dealing with large populations and conducting a simple random sample.

Data Analysis

This research will be conducted during the second semester of the 2024-2025 academic year at Benigno "Ninoy" S. Aquino High School.
The sample size will be determined using the number of selected grade 12 STEM students.
Data will be collected using a survey questionnaire designed to gather the necessary information.
Following a three-month implementation period, data will be collected using the statistical tools detailed below:
- Percentage: Used to express proportions and rates within a dataset.
- Average: Used to represent the central tendency of data.
- Slovin's Formula: Used to determine the appropriate sample size for research studies.
- Descriptive Statistics: Used to summarize and present key findings from data analysis.
- Hypothesis Testing: Used to conclude a population-based or sample data. It assesses the statistical significance of findings.

Data Gathering Procedure

The implementation of this study is by using survey questionnaires for data collecting, This method enables the researcher to collect more detailed information from participants.
This significantly reduces the time required for data collection.
This research will involve the selected grade 12 STEM students from Benigno "Ninoy" S. Aquino High School. The participants come from 3 sections; Alcala, Biyo and Del Mundo.
The study will determine the potentiality of basil's aroma as a natural scent diffuser. This explores the use of basil's naturally occurring aroma as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional home diffusers.
Data collection will proceed as follows:
1. Securing Institutional Approval: Formal authorization will be obtained from the relevant authorities to conduct this research.
2. Informed Consent: Participants will receive a letter explaining the study and requesting their informed consent before questionnaire administration.
3. Questionnaire Development: A questionnaire will be designed to gather all necessary data for a comprehensive analysis.
4. Distribution of Questionnaires: Questionnaires will be distributed to the selected respondents.
5. Retrieval of Questionnaires: The researcher will collect the completed questionnaires from the respondents.
6. Treatment of Gathered Data: The research will analyze the collected data.
7. Conclusion: The researcher will summarize the gathered data and draw conclusions.

Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Treatment of Data

This chapter presents the data collected, followed by a detailed analysis informed by the research questions posed in Chapter 1. Data are presented using both textual descriptions and figures to facilitate understanding and interpretation.
A. As to the chemical contents of the basil plant as a potential subject for the proposal product.

Figure 4.1 Chemical Contents of the basil plant as a potential subject for the proposal product

The pie chart displays the relative abundance of chemical constituents in a basil plant. While the chart primarily highlights major components, a complete analysis (Table 1) reveals a more detailed composition. Estragole (70.3%) and (R)-(+)-Limonene (71.9%) are the most prevalent components. Linalool constitutes 19.7%. Minor components, each present in smaller quantities, include α-Pinene (2.7%), β-Pinene (7.0%), α-Myrcene (1.1%), o-Cymene (2.6%), γ-Terpinene (6.2%), Levomenthol (0.5%), Methyl undecanoate (1.7%), Trans-Caryophyllene (0.5%), Trans-α-Bergamotene (0.7%), Germacrene D (0.4%), α-Humulene (1.8%), Z-Citral (0.4%), and E-Citral (0.6%). The pie chart visually emphasizes the dominant presence of Estragole and (R)-(+)-Limonene, while Table 1 provides a comprehensive overview of all identified constituents.
B. As to the best extract method to get the strongest smell out of basil to make a nice scent in the house.

Figure 4.2 Extract method to get the strongest smell out of basil to make a nice scent in the house

Question 3
- Considering both intensity and pleasantness, which scent would you prefer for a relaxing atmosphere at home:
- A. Natural basil diffuser, because of its more subtle and natural scent. 14
- B. Typical home air freshener, because of its strong and noticeable (more) scent. 4
- C. It depends on the specific scent; both could be suitable. 7
- D. Neither; I prefer other scents for relaxation. 0
- Total: 25
Figure 4.2 determines the optimal method for creating a relaxing basil scent in a home environment, a survey (Question 3) was administered. Participants were asked to consider both intensity and pleasantness when choosing between a natural basil diffuser and a typical commercial air freshener. A strong preference (14 out of 11 participants) emerged for the natural basil diffuser due to its more subtle and natural scent.
Steam distillation, a method known for preserving the aroma and therapeutic properties of plants, is the most effective technique for extracting basil's essential oils, making it the ideal method for producing a high-quality basil-based home scent.
The survey results, combined with the efficacy of steam distillation, strongly support the use of a naturally extracted basil scent for creating a relaxing home atmosphere.
C. As to the level of potential of the product in terms of:
- A. Intensity
- B. Pleasantness
- C. Longevity

Figure 4.3.1 Level of potential of the Basil Plant as a Home-Based Natural Scent Diffuser in term of: Intensity

Activity	Frequency Count (f)	Percentage (%)	Weighted Mean (x̄)	Interpretation
Very Low(1)	0	0%		Very High Potential
Low(2)	0	0%	4
Average(3)	4	26.7%
High(4)	10	66.7%
Very High(5)	11	73.3%
TOTAL:	25	100%

The table presents a frequency distribution of intensity levels, along with calculated percentages and a weighted mean. The total number of respondents is 25. The intensity levels range from Very Low (1) to Very High (5). Zero(0) respondents reported Very Low or Low intensity. Four(4) respondents (26.7%) reported Average intensity, ten(10) (66.7%) reported High intensity, and eleven(11) (73.3%) reported Very High intensity. The weighted mean intensity is 5, interpreted as Very High Potential.

Figure 4.3.2 Level of potential of the Basil Plant as a Home-Based Natural Scent Diffuser in term of: Pleasantness

Activity	Frequency Count(f)	Percentage (%)	Weighted Mean (x̄)	Interpretation
Very Low	0	0%		Very High Potential
Low	0	0%	4
Average	4	16%
High	10	40%
Very High	11	44%
TOTAL:	25	100%

The table shows the frequency distribution of intensity levels, with percentages calculated from a total of 25 observations. No observations fell into the "Very Low" or "Low" categories. "Average" intensity comprised 16% (4 observations), "High" intensity 40% (10 observations), and "Very High" intensity 44% (11 observations). The weighted mean is 5, interpreted as "Very High Potential".

Figure 4.3.3 Level of potential of the Basil Plant as a Home-Based Natural Scent Diffuser in term of: Longevity

Activity	Frequency Count(f)	Percentage (%)	Weighted Mean(x̄)	Interpretation
Very Low	0	0%		High Potential
Low	0	0%	4
Average	4	16%
High	10	40%
Very High	9	36%
TOTAL:	25	100%

This table presents a frequency distribution of intensity levels, showing the counts and percentages for each level from a sample of 25 observations. The intensity levels are categorized as Very Low, Low, Average, High, and Very High. There were no observations in the Very Low and Low categories. Average intensity accounts for 16% (4 observations), High intensity for 40% (10 observations), and Very High intensity for 36% (9 observations). The weighted mean is 4, and this is interpreted as representing High Potential.

Chapter 5: Conclusions & Recommendations

This chapter includes the conclusions and the recommendations based on the data presented in Chapter 4. Conclusions are arranged based on the statement of the problem and the presentation of the data while the recommendations are arranged based on the conclusions.

Conclusions

Based from the data presented in the tables/figures above, the following conclusions were drawn:

A. As to the chemical contents of the basil plant as a potential subject for the proposal product.

The chemical composition of the basil plant reveals a diverse array of bioactive compounds, primarily consisting of Estragole (70.3%) and (R)-(+)-Limonene (71.9%) (Figure 4.1).
Linalool, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, and α-Myrcene are also present in significant quantities (Table 1).
The presence of these bioactive compounds makes basil a valuable herb for various applications, including culinary, medicinal, and cosmetic uses.

B. As to the best extract method to get the strongest smell out of basil to make a nice scent in the house.

The optimal method for extracting basil's essential oils to create a relaxing home scent is steam distillation.
This method preserves the aroma and therapeutic properties of plants, making it ideal for producing high-quality basil-based home scents.
A survey of 25 participants confirmed a strong preference for natural basil diffusers over commercial air fresheners, citing the subtle and natural scent of basil as the primary reason (Figure 4.2).
These findings suggest that steam distillation is the most effective technique for extracting basil's essential oils, and that natural basil diffusers are a popular choice for creating a relaxing home atmosphere.

C. As to the level of potential of the product in terms of:
*A. Intensity
*B. Pleasantness
C. Longevity

The basil plant exhibits high potential as a home-based natural scent diffuser, with exceptional intensity, pleasantness, and longevity.
The survey results indicate that the basil plant's scent intensity is perceived as very high, with a weighted mean of 5 (Figure 4.3.1).
Similarly, the pleasantness of the basil plant's scent is rated very high, with a weighted mean of 5 (Figure 4.3.2).
The longevity of the basil plant's scent is also considered high, with a weighted mean of 4 (Figure 4.3.3).
These findings suggest that the basil plant is an excellent choice for a natural scent diffuser, offering a potent, pleasing, and long-lasting fragrance.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions above, the following are strongly recommended: