biomed
Why would a forensic autopsy be required?
A forensic autopsy may be required to determine the cause and manner of death, especially in cases of sudden or unexpected death, or for those which occurred under suspicious circumstances.
To reduce false positives what may you want to know before you select a diagnostic test?
Before selecting a diagnostic test, it would be beneficial to know the patient’s medical history, symptoms, and any other relevant clinical information to ensure the test is appropriate and to reduce the likelihood of false positives.
Define pharmacogenomics.
Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs. This relatively new field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person’s genetic makeup.
What does SOP stand for?
SOP stands for Standard Operating Procedure.
In a forensic autopsy, you would begin by examining what first?
In a forensic autopsy, the external examination of the body is typically conducted first. This includes noting the individual’s physical characteristics, identifying marks, and any signs of injury or disease.
What type of analysis would be used if the medical examiner believed a victim was poisoned?
If the medical examiner believed a victim was poisoned, toxicological analysis would be used. This involves testing body fluids and tissues for the presence of toxins or drugs.
What does the Latin term Mortis mean?
The Latin term “Mortis” means “of death”.
Why is it so important to follow SOP while performing diagnostic tests?
Following SOPs while performing diagnostic tests is crucial to ensure accuracy, consistency, and reliability of results. It also helps to maintain quality control and safety standards.
If a body is found who should be called and why?
If a body is found, the police should be called immediately. They will secure the scene and initiate an investigation. A medical examiner or coroner may also be called to examine the body and determine the cause of death.
If a partial skeleton was found, who would be called and why?
If a partial skeleton was found, a forensic anthropologist would be called. They specialize in analyzing human skeletal remains and can provide valuable information about the individual’s age, sex, stature, and possible cause of death.
Why would a centrifuge be used and what does it do?
A centrifuge is used to separate components of a sample based on their densities. It spins the sample at high speed, causing denser substances to settle at the bottom and lighter ones to remain at the top. In a forensic context, it can be used to separate cells from blood or to isolate DNA from a sample.
Who would test tissue samples and body fluids taken from an autopsy to determine if a person was poisoned?
A forensic toxicologist would test tissue samples and body fluids taken from an autopsy to determine if a person was poisoned. They specialize in identifying and quantifying substances in the body that may have contributed to a person’s death.
What is Livor mortis? Describe how it can help us determine the position of death.
Livor mortis, also known as postmortem lividity, is the pooling of blood in the lower parts of the body after death due to gravity. It can help determine the position of death because the pattern of lividity can indicate if the body was moved after death.
Give three examples of rapid diagnostic tests.
Examples of rapid diagnostic tests include pregnancy tests, glucose tests for diabetes, and rapid strep tests for streptococcal throat infections.
Which amendment helped develop technical standards and laboratory practice guidelines?
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 helped develop technical standards and laboratory practice guidelines.
Why would the stomach contents be useful during an autopsy?
The stomach contents can be useful during an autopsy as they can provide information about the deceased’s last meal, which can help estimate the time of death. They can also reveal the presence of drugs, toxins, or other substances that may have contributed to the individual’s death.
Why would the hair root be used?
The hair root can be used in forensic investigations because it contains DNA, which can be used for genetic testing and identification. Additionally, the hair root can provide information about drug use or exposure to toxins.
Between two to six hours is the typical time frame of when the body will begin to display what?
Between two to six hours after death, the body will typically begin to display rigor mortis, which is the stiffening of the muscles.
In forensic anthropology, the width of the pelvis can be used to help you determine what about a skeleton?
In forensic anthropology, the width of the pelvis can be used to help determine the biological sex of a skeleton, as females generally have wider pelvises than males.
What word in Latin means stiffness?
The Latin word for stiffness is “rigor”.
An anthropologist may look at the ossification of the bones and teeth of a skeleton to determine what?
An anthropologist may look at the ossification of the bones and teeth of a skeleton to determine the age of the individual at the time of death.
A human has how many pairs of chromosomes?
A human has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Sure, here are the rest of the answers:
Which of the following would be considered a noninvasive method to monitor diseases? Cell culture, needle aspiration, ultrasound, x-ray,
Ultrasound and x-ray would be considered noninvasive methods to monitor diseases.
What is the limitation of using hair samples for forensics?
The limitation of using hair samples for forensics is that they can only provide information about long-term substance use, not recent use. Additionally, they do not contain a large amount of DNA, so they may not be useful for genetic testing.
What act allows people to find out their inherited traits without the risk of being discriminated against?
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) allows people to find out their inherited traits without the risk of being discriminated against.
A detective comes upon a body and discovers that the face and upper arms are rigid but not the lower half of the body. How long has the person been dead?
If the face and upper arms are rigid but not the lower half of the body, the person has likely been dead for approximately 12-24 hours. This is based on the progression of rigor mortis, a post-mortem change resulting in the stiffening of the body muscles.
What part of the government regulates home medical tests?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, regulates home medical tests.
What are the three steps to inspecting urine samples?
The three steps to inspecting urine samples are typically: 1) Visual examination for color and clarity, 2) Chemical analysis using test strips, and 3) Microscopic examination for cells, crystals, and other substances.
What is a reference range and when would it be used?
A reference range is a set of values that is used to interpret a lab result. It is used to determine whether a particular test result is normal or abnormal, and is typically based on results from a large population of healthy individuals.
_____________________ is a technique for looking at an organism’s set of chromosomes?
Karyotyping is a technique for looking at an organism’s set of chromosomes.
___________________ are tests in which a lab will attempt to grow a microorganism to determine what the best antibiotic may be to treat an infection?
Culture and sensitivity tests are tests in which a lab will attempt to grow a microorganism to determine what the best antibiotic may be to treat an infection.
If a family does not want an autopsy due to religious beliefs when would a medical examiner not follow their wishes?
A medical examiner may not follow the family’s wishes not to perform an autopsy if the death was sudden, unexpected, suspicious, or resulted from a crime or accident. In these cases, the need to determine the cause of death for legal or public health reasons may override the family’s wishes.
Who would be contacted to determine what type of eggs or larvae are found on a body to determine the time of death?
A forensic entomologist would be contacted to determine what type of eggs or larvae are found on a body to determine the time of death.
What act ensured that employees are trained properly and instruments and calibrations are done to make sure tests are accurate?
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 ensured that employees are trained properly and instruments and calibrations are done to make sure tests are accurate.
A medical examiner is typically what type of doctor?
A medical examiner is typically a forensic pathologist, a doctor who specializes in the study of disease and injury in the deceased.
Quality procedures like barcodes, bracelets, name and date of birth are used to improve ________ _______________.
Quality procedures like barcodes, bracelets, name and date of birth are used to improve patient identification.
Hair, Blood, Urine, Cerebrospinal Fluid (circle one) Which of these is the least invasive sample that can be taken for a toxicology report?
Hair is the least invasive sample that can be taken for a toxicology report.
What type of test may be used in a rural doctor’s office where laboratory testing is not readily available?
Rapid diagnostic tests, such as those for strep throat or influenza, may be used in a rural doctor’s office where laboratory testing is not readily available.
Forensic Dentist (Odontologist) - Examine remains for matching dental records, identify bite marks
F Medical Examiner - Examines corpses and determines the cause, manner, and mode of death or injury
G Forensic Toxicologist - ID's and analyzes poisons, drugs, chemicals and their effects on a body
D Forensic Engineer - Determine material or structural failures and to reconstruct events such as building collapses, train wrecks, or car accidents
C Crime Scene Investigator - Criminalists who collect, document, and preserve evidence at a crime scene
J Forensic Artist - Use art to do age progression, composite images, facial reconstruction, identify missing children, suspects, or unidentified victims
A Forensic Psychiatrist - Address a suspect's sanity or competence to stand trial, provide profiles of criminals, etc.
H Forensic Serologist - Perform blood typing, DNA testing, and paternity testing
K Forensic Entomologist - Uses knowledge of insect life cycles to determine time of death or if a body was moved or tampered with
I Forensic Anthropologist - Studies and examines bones (age, race, other defining information about the deceased)
B Criminalist - Collects, ID's, and analyzes physical evidence (crime scene reconstruction, drug analysis, chemistry, trace evidence, DNA, firearms, fingerprints, documents, voices, impressions, etc.)