Comprehensive Study Notes on Phrasal Verbs, Personality Vocabulary, and Personal Identity Case Studies

Phrasal Verbs and Their Definitions

Phrasal verbs are a core component of the English language, often consisting of a verb combined with a preposition or an adverb that creates a meaning different from the original verb. The following list captures an exhaustive range of phrasal verbs, their meanings, and specific contextual usage notes as provided in the curriculum.

Commonly Used Phrasal Verbs

Come up with: To think of or invent something, such as an idea, a plan, or a solution to a problem ( $คิดออก, คิดขึ้นมา, แก้ไข$ ).
Get round: To find a way of dealing with or avoiding a problem ( $แก้ไขปัญหา$ ).
Get at: To criticize someone repeatedly or to grumble/complain ( $บ่น, วิจารณ์$ ).
Get down: To move to a lower position or, in some contexts, to feel depressed ( $ลงไป$ ).
Turn down: To reject or refuse an offer, request, or application ( $ปัดตก, ปฏิเสธ$ ).
Go back: To return to a previous time or state ( $ย้อนอายุ$ ).
Go off: This can mean for something to stop working (such as light or power), for food to become bad ( $บด, เสีย$ ), or for an alarm to ring.
Go out: To leave one's home to go to a social event ( $ออกไปข้างนอก$ ). Contextually linked to being of a certain age ( $อายุตั้งแต่$ ).
Break down: To stop functioning properly, often used for machinery or vehicles ( $พัง, เสีย$ ).
Drop in: To pay a brief, often unexpected, visit to someone ( $หล่นเข้ามา, มาเยี่ยม โดยไม่บอกล่วงหน้า$ ).
Hand in: To submit or give something to a person in authority, such as an assignment ( $ส่งมอบ, ยื่นให้$ ).
Pass away: A polite way to say that someone has died ( $เสียชีวิต$ ).
Give away: To reveal secret information or to provide something for free ( $เปิดเผยข้อมูล, ให้ฟรี$ ).
Set down: To establish or record rules or punishments ( $วางบทลงโทษ$ ).
Put up with: To tolerate or endure a situation or person despite finding them unpleasant ( $อดทน$ ).
Put up: To raise, build, or stay somewhere temporarily ( $ยกขึ้น, ตั้งราคา$ ).
Put on: To dress oneself, or to pretend to feel or be something ( $เสแสร้ง, แกล้งทำ, สวมใส่$ ).
Put off: To delay or postpone an event; also used for switching something off ( $ผ่อนผัน, เลื่อนออกไป, ปิด$ ).
Let off: To allow someone to go without being punished ( $ปล่อยผ่าน, ไม่มีการลงโทษ$ ).
Go through with: To complete something difficult or unpleasant that has been planned or agreed upon ( $เผชิญความลำบาก, ทำอย่างไม่เต็มใจ$ ).
Go on about: To talk about something for a long time in a way that is annoying to others ( $พูดถึงจนคนอื่นรำคาญ$ ).
Get through to: To succeed in making someone understand what you are trying to say, or to reach someone by phone ( $ติดต่อ, สื่อสาร$ ).
Come round: To become conscious again after an accident or operation ( $ฟื้น$ ).
Cut out: To remove or exclude something ( $ตัดออก$ ).
Work out: To exercise, to find a solution to a problem, or to result in a specific outcome ( $ออกกำลังกาย, หาทางออก, ได้ผล$ ).
Get out of: To avoid doing something that you do not want to do or to leave a place ( $ปลีกตัวออกไป, เลี่ยง, บิดพริ้ว$ ).
Fall apart: To break into pieces or for a plan/system to fail completely ( $แตกเป็นชิ้นๆ, พังภินท์$ ).
Look over: To examine or check something carefully, often for review ( $พิจารณา, สืบ, ทบทวน$ ).
Get round to: To finally find the time to do something that has been intended for a long time ( $หาเวลาทำบางสิ่ง$ ).

Additional Vocabulary List for Grammar Section

Look out of: To gaze through an opening.
Run out of: To have no more of something.
Get along with: To have a good relationship with someone.
Get away: To escape or take a vacation.
Do away with: To discard or abolish.
Go in for: To take part in or enjoy something.
Live up to: To meet expectations.

Character Traits and Descriptors

The following vocabulary words describe various human personalities and behaviors. Some include mnemonic devices used in the transcript to aid memory.

Clumsy: Moving or doing things in a very awkward way ( $ซุ่มซ่าม$ ).
Determined: Having made a firm decision and being resolved not to change it ( $มุ่งมั่น$ ). Mnemonic: Determined in dating.
Stubborn: Refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action ( $ดื้อดึง$ ). Context: Tired of waiting.
Aggressive: Ready or likely to attack or confront ( $ก้าวร้าว$ ).
Arrogant: Having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities ( $หยิ่ง, ยโส$ ).
Cruel: Willfully causing pain or suffering to others, or feeling no concern about it ( $โหดร้าย$ ).
Competitive: Having a strong desire to be more successful than others ( $ชอบแข่งขัน$ ).
Grumpy: Bad-tempered and irritable ( $ไม่พอใจ, หงุดหงิด$ ).
Selfish: Lacking consideration for others; concerned chiefly with one's own profit or pleasure ( $เห็นแก่ตัว$ ).
Thoughtful: Showing consideration for the needs of other people; characterized by careful thought ( $รอบคอบ, มีน้ำใจ$ ).
Modest: Unassuming or moderate in the estimation of one's abilities or achievements ( $เจียมเนื้อเจียมตัว$ ).
Likeable: Pleasant, friendly, and easy to like ( $น่ารัก, ที่ชื่นชอบ$ ).
Outgoing: Friendly and socially confident ( $ชอบเข้าสังคม$ ).
Chatty: Fond of talking in an easy, informal way ( $ช่างพูด$ ).

Business and Transaction Vocabulary

Specific terms relating to commercial exchanges and customer service are listed below:

Return: To take or send something back to a place ( $กลับ, คืนสินค้า$ ).
Refund: A repayment of a sum of money, typically to a dissatisfied customer ( $คืนเงิน$ ).
Replace: To provide a substitute for something that is broken or inefficient ( $แทนที่$ ).
Credit note: A document given by a seller to a buyer to reduce the amount that the buyer owes ( $ใบลดหนี้$ ).
Receipt: A written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received ( $ใบเสร็จ$ ).

Grammar: Linking Verbs

Linking verbs serve to connect the subject of a sentence to a word or phrase that gives more information about the subject (a subject complement). They do not express action like "jump" or "eat" but instead state a condition or state of being.

Structure: Subject + Linking Verb + Complement ( $ประธาน + กริยาเชื่อม + ส่วนขยาย$ ).
Common Linking Verbs: Includes the verb "to be" ( $is, am, are, was, were$ ).
Sensory Example: "The cake tastes sweet." In this sentence, "tastes" links the subject "The cake" to the adjective "sweet."
Usage Tip: If you are unsure of a word's meaning in a unit, try substituting it into a linking verb structure to see if it functions as a descriptor for the subject.

This is Me!: The Power of Color and Personal Identity

This section summarizes a study of individuals who have adopted a single color as their personal trademark, an act sometimes seen as a form of self-expression in a similar way to how brands use color in advertising ( $brand identity$ ).

Case Study 1: Ella London ("Miss Sunshine")

Background: Originally from the UK, currently living in Los Angeles, USA.
Personal Style: Ella only wears the color yellow.
Origins: The decision was unconventional. When choosing a wedding dress, her husband suggested yellow. She embraced the idea because yellow was her father's favorite color and suited her optimistic and outgoing personality.
Development: She did not go "all yellow" immediately. The transition was gradual, starting with a top purchased from eBay and a cardigan gifted by a friend. Over a period of $4$ years, her collection grew until she dressed exclusively in yellow.
Inventory: Her collection includes yellow clothes, makeup, accessories, furniture, and even a yellow car ( $รถสีเหลือง$ ). She identifies shoes as the trickiest items to source.
Social Impact: A video about her went viral. She now has followers worldwide and posts a daily photo of herself on Instagram.

Case Study 2: Gary Card (Designer)

Background: A designer based in high-end fashion and art.
Personal Style: Gary is famous for his devotion to the color purple.
Origins: He fell in love with purple at the age of $5$ , but did not start wearing it until high school. At that time, he customized his school jacket to have a purple lining and wore purple socks.
Challenges: He was bullied by other students for his choice, but he remained determined not to stop.
Professional Identity: Having a memorable look became an advantage in the competitive design world. In his $20s$ , he wore only purple, though he currently mixes it with other colors.
Philosophy and Possessions: For Gary, purple is both warm and cool, making it a "mysterious" and timeless color. His most expensive possessions are two purple portfolios used for carrying artwork. His mother notably gave him $30$ different purple toothbrushes as a gift.

Conclusion on Singular Color Identity

While some may view dressing in a single color as an obsession, for individuals like Ella and Gary, it is a way of life that contributes to their well-being. The text concludes that the most important aspect of personal style is to be true to oneself ( $ตัวของตัวเอง$ ).

Choose the correct phrasal verb to fill in the blanks:
a. I need to ___ a solution for this problem.
- (a) come up with
- (b) break down
b. Please ___ the radio; it’s too loud!
- (a) turn off
- (b) go off
c. She decided to ___ from the meeting early.
- (a) get out of
- (b) drop in
d. After years of hard work, he finally ___ his goals.
- (a) worked out
- (b) put off
e. We should ___ this project before the deadline.
- (a) go through with
- (b) set down

Choose the correct phrasal verb to fill in the blanks:
a. I need to ___ a solution for this problem.
- (a) come up with
- (b) break down
b. Please ___ the radio; it’s too loud!
- (a) turn off
- (b) go off
c. She decided to ___ from the meeting early.
- (a) get out of
- (b) drop in
d. After years of hard work, he finally ___ his goals.
- (a) worked out
- (b) put off
e. We should ___ this project before the deadline.
- (a) go through with
- (b) set down
f. They plan to ___ the new marketing strategy next quarter.
- (a) roll out
- (b) shut down
g. She was able to ___ the truth after some investigation.
- (a) get to
- (b) find out
h. You need to ___ before making such a big decision.
- (a) think over
- (b) break down
i. He always ___ projects before completing them.
- (a) puts off
- (b) gets through
j. Can you ___ the details of the plan for me again?
- (a) go over
- (b) pass away
k. I can’t believe he wants to ___ his responsibilities to others.
- (a) hand over
- (b) put forward
l. She finally ___ her fear of public speaking.
- (a) got over
- (b) looked after
m. It’s time to ___ the applications for the new job positions.
- (a) hand in
- (b) hold on
n. You should ___ your homework before playing.
- (a) get through
- (b) get done
o. He was able to ___ with the additional workload after a few adjustments.
- (a) cope with
- (b) give up