tcw midterms

Concepts of Globalization

  • Definition of globalization as:

    • Process: Ongoing changes affecting political, social, and economic aspects of the global landscape.

    • Condition: State of global interconnectivity and interdependence.

    • Ideology: Framework through which individuals and states understand global relations.

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • Examine various conceptions of globalization.

  • Distinguish between expert definitions of globalization.

  • Adopt a working definition of globalization.

Diagnostic Statements

  • Participants evaluate statements regarding globalization, needing to write 'agree' or 'disagree.'

Personal Example of Globalization

  • Case of a Filipino student highlighting consumption patterns influenced by globalization:

    • Eating Western food.

    • Using global brands (e.g., iPhone, Vans).

    • Communicating via global platforms (e.g., Skype).

  • Observation of a shift toward Westernized culture due to economic imperialism.

Definitions by Experts

  • Reich (1998): Globalization's meaning is often obscured.

  • Schottle (1995): A significant term in 20th-century social consciousness.

  • Rosenau (1996): Distinguishes globalization from globalism and universalism; emphasizes shared global aspirations.

  • McGrew (1990): Involves interconnectedness beyond nation-states, affecting global individual actions.

  • Appadurai (1996): Five dimensions of global cultural flow:

    • Ethnoscapes, Technoscapes, Mediascapes, Financescapes, Ideoscapes.

Attributes of Globalization

  1. Variety of Forms: Connectivity through economic, political, and cultural channels.

  2. Expansion: Stretching social relations globally (e.g., NGOs, sister-city partnerships).

  3. Intensification: Rapid exchanges via technology (e.g., live broadcasts).

  4. Universal Experience: Every individual is considered a global citizen (e.g., social media activism).

Working Definition of Globalization

  • Offered by Steger (2013): "Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space."

Elements of Economic Globalization

  • Integration of world economies prompted by technological and innovative advancements.

  • Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) as significant tools for economic relationships, promoting labor mobility and capital exchange.

Major Actors in Globalization

  • Nation-states that adapt to globalization pressures while attempting to maintain sovereignty.

  • Global corporations that transcend national borders and influence economic activities significantly.