my brother
SET 1
Which definition most accurately describes applied ethics?
Answer: The practical application of moral standards that are meant to benefit the patient
An ethics committee can serve in an advisory capacity to ________
Answer: all of the above.
List the four bioethical principles needed when patients are unable to communicate their personal wishes.
Answer: A and C
Medical professionals need to adopt moral norms in applied ethics for the purpose of ________
Answer: helping the patient.
What justice-based ethics philosopher believed that scarce organ donation should be handled so that no one would know the gender, age, race, health, number of children, income, wealth, or any other arbitrary personal information about the recipient?
Answer: John Rawls
Deontological ethical theory asserts that at least some actions are right or wrong and thus, we have a duty or obligation to perform them or refrain from performing them ________
Answer: without consideration of the consequences.
A person should not rely on the law for moral decision-making because ________
Answer: all of the above
Laws are rules or required actions that are ________
Answer: prescribed by an authority and have a binding legal force.
Virtue-based ethics or seeking the "good life," is our legacy from what philosopher?
Answer: Aristotle
A teleological theory asserts that an action is right or wrong depending on ________
Answer: whether it produces good or bad consequences.
What is due process?
Answer: Is the entitlement of employees of the government and public companies to have certain procedures followed when they believe their rights are in jeopardy
The medical profession's ethical standards are established and defined by ________
Answer: professional organizations.
The principle of nonmalfeasance is best illustrated in what example below?
Answer: A Surgeon examined a patient and determined that surgery was not needed.
The purpose of a cost/benefit analysis concerning medical care is to ________
Answer: justify the cost of a treatment as compared to the benefit.
According to John Rawls (Rawlsian Justice), requires the following: ________
Answer: A and B
Extending equal pay requirements to all persons who are doing equal work is known as ________
Answer: comparable worth.
What is informed consent?
Answer: Patients must be informed and fully understand what the treatment involves, the risks involved, the chance for success, and the alternatives before they can provide consent for treatment.
Studying a subfield of philosophy that deals with morality, ethical standards, and moral judgments is known as ________
Answer: ethics.
Which of the following are types of issues that are reviewed by a QA committee?
Answer: A and B
Illegal actions are ________
Answer: usually unethical.
SET 2
Statutes are laws passed by ________
Answer: Congress or a state legislature.
Both parties must be competent for the contract to be enforceable. When the contract is signed, the patient (or concerned party) must be ________
Answer: of sound mind and not be impaired by drugs or alcohol.
The act of assault is ________
Answer: B and C.
Which is the best definition of libel?
Answer: Publishing false and/or malicious statements about another person in print, pictures, or signs that injure his/her reputation
An expert witness is one who ________
Answer: has knowledge or experience about the facts of the case beyond that of the jury and others in the court.
In many cases, civil law matters are handled and settled ________
Answer: outside the courtroom.
The foundation of common law is a precedent established by ________ following the trial of a case that was similar.
Answer: court decisions
When testifying in court, it is important to ________
Answer: A and B.
Being found guilty of breaking a criminal law may result in ________
Answer: all of the above.
Which of the following are recognized exceptions that require no proof of actual harm to a person's reputation to recover damages for slander?
Answer: All of the above
To find someone guilty in a civil case, there must be a ________, which means the case is ________.
Answer: preponderance of the evidence, more likely than not true
Which carries the punishment of fines or imprisonment in jail for up to a year?
Answer: A misdemeanor
________ is the dishonest act of depriving another person of their rights.
Answer: Fraud
Statutes begin as ________ submitted by legislators at the state or federal level.
Answer: bills
Federal legislation is administered uniformly by all states. However, each state may interpret and apply ________
Answer: state-specific legislation differently.
Civil law includes ________
Answer: all of the above.
A civil injury or wrongful act committed against another person or property that results in harm whether or not it is compensated by money damages is covered by ________
Answer: tort law.
Which definition is the best for precedent?
Answer: The ruling in an early case that is applied to a subsequent case when the facts are the same
A type of fraudulent practice is ________
Answer: A and C.
A losing party in a lawsuit may "appeal" to a higher court of law in an attempt to have the result reversed or changed in its favor if it feels that the case was handled ________ and ________
Answer: unfairly, inappropriately.
SET 1 (continued, clean format)
Which definition most accurately describes applied ethics?
The legal application of moral standards that benefit the patient
The legal application of moral standards that are based on the sincerity of a person's beliefs
The legal application of moral standards that concern benefiting the public
The practical application of moral standards that are meant to benefit the patient
An ethics committee can serve in an advisory capacity to ________
family.
patients.
staff.
all of the above.
List the four bioethical principles needed when patients are unable to communicate their personal wishes.
Principles of justice and autonomy
Principles of empathy and honesty
Principles of beneficence and nonmalfeasance
A and C
Medical professionals need to adopt moral norms in applied ethics for the purpose of ________
helping the patient.
implementing the best scientific information.
addressing the interests of the patient's family.
practicing courtesy toward other professionals.
What justice-based ethics philosopher believed that scarce organ donation should be handled so that no one would know the gender, age, race, health, number of children, income, wealth, or any other arbitrary personal information about the recipient?
Richard Norman
Immanuel Kent
John Rawls
None of the above
Deontological ethical theory asserts that at least some actions are right or wrong and thus, we have a duty or obligation to perform them or refrain from performing them ________
with concern for the individual rights of people.
based on one's own beliefs.
without consideration of the consequences.
by disregarding the rights of specific social and economic groups.
A person should not rely on the law for moral decision-making because ________
the requirements of the law are often negative.
the law allows morally offensive acts such as lying.
laws are often reactive.
all of the above
Laws are rules or required actions that are ________
ethical considerations regarding the cultural beliefs of the population.
written by the people to control the actions of criminals.
prescribed by an authority and have a binding legal force.
moral decisions about how the population should live.
Virtue-based ethics or seeking the "good life," is our legacy from what philosopher?
John Rawls
Aristotle
Richard Norman
Immanuel Kant
A teleological theory asserts that an action is right or wrong depending on ________
whether it produces good or bad consequences.
whether someone believes it is right or wrong.
whether the behavior is justice-based.
whether the law forbids the behavior.
What is due process?
Is the entitlement of employees of the government and public companies to have certain procedures followed when they believe their rights are in jeopardy
Assessing how a process will make us feel
Associating the problem with corrective action
All of the above
The medical profession's ethical standards are established and defined by ________
individual state legislatures.
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
professional organizations.
the U.S. Congress.
The principle of nonmalfeasance is best illustrated in what example below?
A nurse rechecks her documentation for accuracy.
A Surgeon examined a patient and determined that surgery was not needed.
A Doctor takes a detailed patient history.
All of the above
The purpose of a cost/benefit analysis concerning medical care is to ________
provide an estimate of the cost of a treatment.
make sure no one "falls through the cracks" for treatment.
justify only the benefit of a treatment.
justify the cost of a treatment as compared to the benefit.
According to John Rawls (Rawlsian Justice), requires the following: ________
using a democratic and fair approach to others.
protecting the interests of the weak and powerless.
adhering to laws enforced by government authorities.
A and B
Extending equal pay requirements to all persons who are doing equal work is known as ________
due process.
fidelity.
comparable worth.
cost/benefit analysis.
What is informed consent?
Patients must be able to write the procedure on paper in sequential order.
Patients must be informed and fully understand what the treatment involves, the risks involved, the chance for success, and the alternatives before they can provide consent for treatment.
Gaining patient agreement
Explaining the procedure to the patient after anesthesia has been administered
Studying a subfield of philosophy that deals with morality, ethical standards, and moral judgments is known as ________
utilitarianism.
law.
ethics.
medical practice acts.
Which of the following are types of issues that are reviewed by a QA committee?
Medication errors
Inability to obtain venous blood draw on the first attempt
Bioethics
A and B
Illegal actions are ________
usually unethical.
seldom unethical.
not unethical.
always unethical.
SET 2 (next section)
Statutes are laws passed by ________
an agency of the government.
Congress or a state legislature.
Congress.
a state legislature.
Both parties must be competent for the contract to be enforceable. When the contract is signed, the patient (or concerned party) must be ________
drug and alcohol-free.
represented by council and be drug and alcohol-free for 24 hours prior.
of sound mind and not be impaired by drugs or alcohol.
all of the above.
The act of assault is ________
looking at a person with a grimace.
threatening to hit someone.
performing a procedure without the patient's consent.
B and C.
Which is the best definition of libel?
Speaking false and/or malicious words about another person that injure his/her reputation
Speaking or publishing false and/or malicious statements about another person that injure his/her reputation
Attempts to deceive another person
Publishing false and/or malicious statements about another person in print, pictures, or signs that injure his/her reputation
An expert witness is one who ________
has knowledge or experience about the facts of the case beyond that of the jury and others in the court.
has witnessed the crime and can identify the perpetrator.
has an advanced degree such as a doctorate in biology.
all of the above.
In many cases, civil law matters are handled and settled ________
by the governor.
by the judge.
by the federal government.
outside the courtroom.
The foundation of common law is a precedent established by ________ following the trial of a case that was similar.
court decisions
common practices
state decisions
federal law
When testifying in court, it is important to ________
tell the truth.
state the facts.
answer all the questions asked of you.
A and B.
Being found guilty of breaking a criminal law may result in ________
a fine.
loss of a medical license.
imprisonment.
all of the above.
Which of the following are recognized exceptions that require no proof of actual harm to a person's reputation to recover damages for slander?
Accusing someone of a crime
Calling a woman unchaste
Accusing someone of having a communicable disease
All of the above
SET 3
To find someone guilty in a civil case, there must be a ________, which means the case is ________.
beyond a reasonable doubt, proven absolutely
clear and convincing evidence, mostly proven
preponderance of the evidence, more likely than not true
direct evidence, factually proven
Which carries the punishment of fines or imprisonment in jail for up to a year?
Felony
Civil offense
Tort
A misdemeanor
________ is the dishonest act of depriving another person of their rights.
Assault
Battery
Negligence
Fraud
Statutes begin as ________ submitted by legislators at the state or federal level.
laws
amendments
bills
policies
Federal legislation is administered uniformly by all states. However, each state may interpret and apply ________
federal law differently.
criminal law differently.
civil law differently.
state-specific legislation differently.
Civil law includes ________
contract law
tort law
family law
all of the above.
A civil injury or wrongful act committed against another person or property that results in harm whether or not it is compensated by money damages is covered by ________
criminal law.
statutory law.
administrative law.
tort law.
Which definition is the best for precedent?
A rule made by legislators
A decision made by a jury
A written statute
The ruling in an early case that is applied to a subsequent case when the facts are the same
A type of fraudulent practice is ________
misrepresentation
negligence
concealment
A and C.
A losing party in a lawsuit may "appeal" to a higher court of law in an attempt to have the result reversed or changed in its favor if it feels that the case was handled ________ and ________
legally and ethically
correctly and fairly
quickly and efficiently
unfairly, inappropriately.
SET 4
Negligence is best described as ________
intentional harm to a patient
practicing outside the scope of training
failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would act in a similar situation
performing a procedure without consent
Malpractice is a type of negligence that applies specifically to ________
lawyers
teachers
healthcare professionals
government officials
The four elements required to prove negligence include ________
duty, breach of duty, causation, damages
intent, harm, action, result
duty, intent, causation, injury
duty, breach of duty, causation, damages
Duty refers to ________
the intent to harm a patient
the outcome of treatment
the obligation to provide care to a patient
the financial responsibility of care
Breach of duty occurs when ________
a patient refuses treatment
a provider follows all procedures correctly
a healthcare provider fails to meet the standard of care
damages are awarded
Causation means that ________
the provider intended harm
the patient caused their own injury
the breach of duty directly caused the injury
the court caused the injury
Damages refer to ________
punishment for the provider
legal fees
emotional stress only
actual harm or injury suffered by the patient
An example of battery in healthcare is ________
threatening a patient
discussing a patient publicly
performing a procedure without the patient’s consent
failing to document care
False imprisonment involves ________
physical harm to a patient
verbal threats
restraining or confining a patient without legal justification
sharing patient information
Defamation includes ________
negligence and malpractice
assault and battery
libel and slander
fraud and abuse
SET 5
Slander is defined as ________
written false statements
printed harmful communication
spoken false statements that damage a person's reputation
legal testimony
Libel is defined as ________
spoken statements
verbal threats
written or published false statements that damage a reputation
physical harm
Invasion of privacy includes ________
sharing patient information without consent
exposing private facts
unauthorized use of patient images
all of the above.
Confidentiality in healthcare means ________
sharing information with anyone
only documenting patient information
protecting patient information from unauthorized disclosure
discussing cases freely
HIPAA is designed to ________
increase hospital profits
regulate insurance companies only
protect patient health information privacy
eliminate paperwork
A patient's medical record is considered ________
public information
hospital property only
confidential information
legal evidence only
Informed consent must be obtained ________
after treatment
only in emergencies
before any procedure or treatment
only for surgery
Implied consent occurs when ________
a patient signs a form
a patient refuses treatment
a patient’s actions indicate agreement (e.g., holding out an arm for a blood draw)
a doctor decides
Expressed consent is ________
assumed consent
emergency consent
clearly stated verbally or in writing
optional consent
Advance directives include ________
living wills
durable power of attorney
do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders
all of the above.
ET 6
A living will is a document that ________
appoints a lawyer
gives financial instructions
states a patient’s wishes regarding medical treatment if they become unable to communicate
transfers property after death
A durable power of attorney for healthcare allows ________
a doctor to make decisions
the court to decide care
another person to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the patient
insurance companies to decide treatment
A DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order means ________
provide full treatment
transfer patient immediately
do not perform CPR if the patient stops breathing or the heart stops
only give medication
Patient autonomy refers to ________
doctor making decisions
family making decisions
hospital policy
the patient’s right to make their own healthcare decisions
Beneficence means ________
doing no harm
telling the truth
acting in the best interest of the patient
following the law
Nonmaleficence means ________
helping others
telling the truth
doing no harm
respecting laws
Justice in healthcare refers to ________
treating only wealthy patients
giving priority to certain groups
fair and equal treatment of all patients
following physician orders
Fidelity means ________
telling the truth
doing no harm
being faithful to commitments and promises
treating all patients equally
Veracity means ________
loyalty
fairness
truthfulness
confidentiality
Scope of practice is defined as ________
what a doctor prefers
hospital policies only
the procedures and actions a healthcare worker is legally allowed to perform
patient expectations
SET 7
Standard of care refers to ________
what the patient wants
the cheapest care available
the level of care that a reasonably competent professional would provide
hospital rules only
Abandonment occurs when ________
a patient refuses care
treatment is completed
a healthcare provider stops care without proper notice
documentation is missing
Good Samaritan laws are designed to ________
punish providers
enforce contracts
protect healthcare providers who give emergency care in good faith
require payment
Respondeat superior means ________
the patient is responsible
the court decides liability
the employer is responsible for the employee’s actions
the doctor is always liable
Negligence per se refers to ________
minor negligence
accidental harm
an act that violates a statute or law
ethical behavior
Contributory negligence means ________
only the provider is at fault
no one is at fault
the patient contributed to their own injury
the hospital is responsible
Comparative negligence means ________
full responsibility on provider
no responsibility assigned
fault is divided between parties
only patient is responsible
Assumption of risk means ________
patient denies care
provider refuses care
patient knowingly accepts the risks involved
insurance covers all risks
An incident report is ________
part of the medical record
given to the patient
a report of an unusual event kept for internal review
a legal document for court
Risk management programs are designed to ________
increase lawsuits
reduce staff
identify and reduce potential risks
avoid documentation
SET 8
A contract requires ________
one party
verbal agreement only
offer, acceptance, and consideration
written consent only
Consideration in a contract refers to ________
thinking about the agreement
legal advice
something of value exchanged between parties
written proof
Breach of contract occurs when ________
both parties agree
the contract ends
one party fails to fulfill the agreement
a law is broken
Express contracts are ________
implied by actions
not enforceable
clearly stated verbally or in writing
optional agreements
Implied contracts are ________
written contracts
illegal agreements
formed by actions or conduct
signed documents
Quasi-contracts are ________
real contracts
criminal agreements
court-imposed to prevent unjust enrichment
verbal only
A minor in legal terms is someone ________
over 21
over 25
under the age of majority (usually 18)
mentally impaired
Emancipated minors ________
cannot consent
need parental approval
can make their own medical decisions
are always dependent
Statute of limitations refers to ________
legal punishment
time of trial
time limit to file a lawsuit
court procedures
Subpoena is ________
a medical document
patient record
a court order to appear or produce documents
a consent form
SET 9
Deposition is defined as ________
a court ruling
a written verdict
sworn out-of-court testimony used in legal proceedings
a patient statement
Liability refers to ________
moral responsibility
ethical duty
legal responsibility for one’s actions
financial gain
Tort reform is intended to ________
increase lawsuits
eliminate laws
reduce excessive litigation and damages
protect only patients
Intentional torts include ________
negligence
malpractice
assault and battery
documentation errors
Unintentional torts include ________
assault
battery
negligence
fraud
Battery requires ________
verbal threat
written statement
unauthorized physical contact
legal consent
Assault requires ________
physical contact
written documentation
threat or attempt to cause harm
injury
Fraud in healthcare includes ________
honest mistakes
documentation errors
intentional deception for personal gain
negligence
Abuse of patients includes ________
emotional harm
physical harm
neglect
all of the above.
Neglect is defined as ________
intentional harm
verbal abuse
failure to provide necessary care
physical restraint
SET 10
Ethical dilemmas occur when ________
laws are clear
decisions are easy
there is a conflict between moral principles
no choices exist
Bioethics focuses on ________
legal systems
financial systems
ethical issues in healthcare and medicine
political decisions
Paternalism in healthcare means ________
patient decides everything
family decides
provider makes decisions for the patient
law decides
Advocacy means ________
ignoring patient wishes
following orders only
supporting and speaking up for the patient
documenting care
End-of-life care includes ________
curative treatment only
emergency care only
comfort-focused care for terminal patients
surgical procedures
Euthanasia refers to ________
prolonging life
emergency care
intentionally ending a life to relieve suffering
natural death
Passive euthanasia involves ________
administering lethal drugs
surgery
withholding or withdrawing treatment
emergency care
Active euthanasia involves ________
stopping treatment
refusing care
taking direct action to end life
providing comfort care
Hospice care focuses on ________
curing illness
aggressive treatment
comfort and quality of life
surgery
Palliative care is ________
curative care
emergency care
relief of symptoms and suffering
legal care
SET 11
Organ donation requires ________
family decision only
physician approval only
informed consent from donor or family
court approval
Allocation of scarce resources should be based on ________
wealth
social status
fairness and ethical principles
personal preference
Clinical trials require ________
no consent
only physician approval
informed consent and ethical review
payment only
IRB stands for ________
Internal Review Board
Institutional Regulation Bureau
Institutional Review Board
International Research Board
The purpose of an IRB is to ________
approve finances
enforce laws
protect human research subjects
manage hospitals
Placebo is defined as ________
active drug
treatment plan
inactive substance used in research
surgical method
Double-blind study means ________
only patient knows
only researcher knows
neither patient nor researcher knows who receives treatment
everyone knows
Conflict of interest occurs when ________
laws are followed
ethics are clear
personal interests interfere with professional duties
patients decide care
Professional boundaries are ________
flexible rules
optional guidelines
limits that protect the patient-provider relationship
legal punishments
Dual relationships are ________
encouraged
required
discouraged due to potential conflicts
always legal
SET 12 (FINAL LARGE SET)
Sexual harassment includes ________
appropriate behavior
professional conduct
unwelcome sexual advances or behavior
legal contracts
Workplace discrimination is based on ________
job performance
experience
race, gender, religion, or other protected characteristics
education
OSHA is responsible for ________
patient billing
medical records
workplace safety regulations
insurance claims
CDC focuses on ________
legal issues
finances
disease control and prevention
hospital management
Standard precautions are used to ________
reduce costs
increase efficiency
prevent spread of infection
improve billing
PPE stands for ________
Patient Protection Equipment
Professional Practice Evaluation
Personal Protective Equipment
Public Protection Entity
Hand hygiene is important because ________
it saves time
it reduces paperwork
it prevents infection transmission
it improves records
Nosocomial infections are ________
community infections
viral infections
hospital-acquired infections
minor infections
Sharps disposal is important to ________
save money
reduce paperwork
prevent injury and infection
increase efficiency
Exposure incidents should be reported ________
never
at the end of the year
immediately
only if serious
SET 13
Incident reports should be completed ________
at the end of the shift only
only if requested
as soon as possible after the event
weekly
Documentation in healthcare must be ________
vague and brief
completed later
accurate, complete, and timely
optional
Charting errors should be corrected by ________
erasing the mistake
using white-out
drawing a single line through the error and initialing it
rewriting the entire chart
Electronic Health Records (EHR) are ________
paper charts
billing systems only
digital versions of patient records
optional tools
HIPAA violations can result in ________
no consequences
warnings only
fines and legal penalties
verbal notice
Minimum necessary standard means ________
sharing all information
sharing no information
only sharing the least amount of information needed
optional disclosure
Patient rights include ________
right to refuse treatment
right to privacy
right to information
all of the above.
Cultural competence means ________
ignoring differences
enforcing rules
understanding and respecting diverse backgrounds
treating everyone the same
Language barriers in healthcare should be addressed by ________
ignoring the issue
using family members only
using qualified interpreters
avoiding communication
Professionalism includes ________
punctuality
respect
accountability
all of the above.
SET 14
Time management in healthcare is important to ________
reduce workload
avoid patients
provide efficient and effective care
increase paperwork
Burnout in healthcare workers is characterized by ________
increased energy
improved performance
emotional exhaustion and stress
better focus
Teamwork in healthcare improves ________
errors
confusion
patient outcomes
delays
Communication in healthcare should be ________
unclear
delayed
clear and concise
optional
Chain of command refers to ________
patient hierarchy
legal system
line of authority within an organization
billing structure
Delegation means ________
doing all tasks yourself
refusing tasks
assigning tasks appropriately to others
ignoring responsibilities
Accountability means ________
blaming others
avoiding responsibility
being responsible for your actions
following others
Ethical decision-making involves ________
ignoring laws
personal gain
considering moral principles and outcomes
avoiding responsibility
Moral distress occurs when ________
decisions are easy
no conflict exists
one knows the right action but cannot take it
laws are followed
Whistleblowing is ________
ignoring problems
reporting patients
reporting unethical or illegal behavior
avoiding responsibility
SET 15 (FINAL SET)
Quality assurance focuses on ________
profits
staffing
maintaining standards of care
legal cases
Continuous quality improvement (CQI) aims to ________
maintain status quo
reduce staff
continuously improve processes and outcomes
increase costs
Patient safety goals are designed to ________
increase revenue
reduce staff
prevent harm to patients
improve billing
Root cause analysis is used to ________
assign blame
punish staff
identify underlying causes of errors
increase workload
Sentinel events are ________
minor incidents
expected outcomes
serious unexpected events causing harm or death
routine procedures
Credentialing ensures that ________
patients are qualified
hospitals are funded
healthcare providers are qualified and competent
insurance is approved
Licensure is ________
optional certification
hospital policy
legal permission to practice a profession
voluntary training
Certification is ________
required by law
same as licensure
voluntary recognition of expertise
optional license
Continuing education is important to ________
reduce workload
avoid training
maintain competence and knowledge
increase errors
Ethical responsibility ultimately means ________
following orders only
avoiding decisions
doing what is right for the patient
minimizing effort
Ethics is best defined as ________
laws created by the government
rules enforced by hospitals
principles of right and wrong that guide behavior
personal opinions only
Morality refers to ________
legal standards
professional rules
personal beliefs about right and wrong
government laws
Utilitarianism focuses on ________
individual rights
strict rules
greatest good for the greatest number
legal outcomes
Kantian ethics emphasizes ________
consequences
emotions
duty and moral rules
social status
Autonomy requires that patients ________
follow doctor’s orders
accept all treatments
make voluntary and informed decisions
rely on family decisions
Beneficence requires healthcare providers to ________
avoid patients
follow laws only
act in the patient’s best interest
reduce costs
Nonmaleficence requires providers to ________
increase treatment
ignore risks
avoid causing harm
prioritize profit
Justice requires ________
unequal treatment
prioritizing wealth
fair distribution of healthcare resources
ignoring needs
Confidentiality can be broken when ________
patient requests privacy
documentation is complete
required by law (e.g., abuse reporting)
staff are busy
Mandatory reporting laws require reporting of ________
all illnesses
financial issues
abuse and certain injuries
patient complaints