gov 1 quiz

VOCABULARY

  • Direct Democracy (Athens)

  • Indirect (representative) democracy) / republic 

  • Fundamental worth and dignity of the individual: All persons are entitled to life, liberty, and due process under the law

  • Equality: All persons are entitled to equal rights and treatment under the law

  • Citizenship: The common thread that connects all Americans, recognized by two principles:

    • A person receives American citizenship by virtue of being born in the United States

    • Citizenship on those born to at least one United States citizen anywhere in the world

  • Noncitizens: All persons not meeting the principles of citizenship may become a United States citizen through the naturalization process

  • Naturalization process: The way that a person not born in the United States voluntarily becomes a United States citizen

  • Majority rule: The will of the majority as expressed through elections is fundamental to the American system

  • Minority rights: The Constitution of the United States protects the rights of the few from oppression

  • Compromise: The structure of the United States government necessitates compromise by all sides

  • Individual freedom: All persons born are free, equal, and independent

  • Consent of the governed: People are the only source of governmental power

  • Limited government: The government may do only those things that the people have given it the power to do

  • Separation of powers: Government is divided into three branches—the legislative, executive, and judicial.

  • Checks and balances: This is a system whereby each branch of government exercises some control over the others.

  • Federalism: In this form of government, powers are divided between the national government and state governments.

  • Rule of law: The Constitution of the United States is supreme, and all individuals are accountable under the law.

  • Capitalism: An economic system in which there is total private ownership, the market influences economic decisions, there is a class distinction, and production is for profit.

  • Communism: An economic system in which there is no private ownership, a central government, no class distinction, and production is for basic needs.

  • Socialism: An economic system in which there is limited private ownership, government and private entities, limited class distinction, and production is for societal needs.

  • Mixed market economy: In a mixed market economy, the government controls the public sector and the private sector is controlled by individuals and businesses. There are things like public transportation, public schools, and libraries, as well as privately owned hospitals and businesses.

  • Traditional economy: Based off historical precedent; jobs are passed down generationally.  It revolves around agriculture and has limited capacity for technological advancement and trade.

  • Command economy: The government controls and owns all the factors of productions.  People have limited choice of goods and services and no consumer sovereignty.


GOVT.4c: The Constitution of the United States is based on fundamental principles that can be found in the writings of philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment.

Fundamental principles

  • Consent of the governed

  • Limited government

  • Separation of powers

  • Checks and balances

  • Federalism

  • Rule of law