Refraction Data Analysis

Clinical Administrative Data and Machine Identification

The diagnostic record was generated on $31\_JUL\,2026$ at $03:53\,PM$. The document is identified by the reference number $NO.0278$ and the equipment serial number $4631231$. The diagnostic facility associated with this record is ASHOK OPTICS. The equipment manufacturer is identified as TOPCON, a global leader in ophthalmic diagnostic technology. An additional time stamp, life at $4:05\,pm$, suggests a post-examination logging or distribution time.

Technical Measurement Specifications: Vertex Distance

The Vertex Distance ($VD$) for this examination is set at $12.00\,mm$. Vertex distance represents the spatial gap between the posterior surface of a corrective lens and the anterior surface of the cornea. This measurement is critical in clinical refraction because as a lens is moved further from the eye, its effective power changes, necessitating adjustments in the final prescription to ensure focal accuracy on the retina.

Refractive Analysis of the Right Eye ($$)

The refractive data for the right eye indicates a condition of myopia combined with significant astigmatism. Two distinct readings were recorded to ensure reliability. The first reading shows a Sphere ($S$) of $-0.75$, a Cylinder ($C$) of $-2.00$, and an Axis ($A$) of $158$. The second reading shows a Sphere ($S$) of $-0.75$, a Cylinder ($C$) of $-2.50$, and an Axis ($A$) of $159$. The classification provided is CYL: MIX, indicating the complexity of the astigmatic correction.

The Spherical Equivalent ($S.E.$) for the right eye is calculated as $-2.00$. The formula for Spherical Equivalent is defined by the equation:

$S.E. = S + \frac{C}{2}$

Applying the second reading data to this formula: $-0.75 + \frac{-2.50}{2} = -2.00$. This value represents the total dioptric power if the astigmatism were to be collapsed into a single spherical point.

Refractive Analysis of the Left Eye ($$)

The left eye exhibits a lower degree of myopia and minimal astigmatism compared to the right eye. The first reading provides a Sphere ($S$) of $-0.50$, a Cylinder ($C$) of $-0.25$, and an Axis ($A$) of $114$. The second reading maintains a Sphere ($S$) of $-0.50$ and a Cylinder ($C$) of $-0.25$, but records a change in the Axis ($A$) to $102$.

The Spherical Equivalent ($S.E.$) for the left eye is noted as $-0.75$. While the mathematical calculation based on the formula $S.E. = -0.50 + \frac{-0.25}{2} = -0.625$, the clinical record rounds this value to $-0.75$ to align with standard clinical diagnostic increments.

Physiological Measurements: Pupillary Distance ($PD$)

The Pupillary Distance ($PD$), reflecting the distance between the centers of the pupils in both eyes, is measured at $64.5\,mm$. This measurement is essential for the precise manufacture of spectacles, as it ensures the optical center of the corrective lenses aligns perfectly with the visual axes of the patient, thereby preventing induced prismatic effects that can cause headaches, eye strain, or double vision.

Additional References and Metadata

The bottom section of the record includes business-related references. Specifically, it lists AXIS BANK with the designation $1/03-24$ and an expiration date marked as $EXP-06-24$. This information may be linked to the payment transaction or a membership card associated with the service at ASHOK OPTICS.