Inclusive Language: A sentence that avoids bias and stereotypes is exemplified by the statement, "The flight attendant was excited to begin her first day on the job."
Repetition: Improves the listeners’ memory of the speech.
Ethics: The study of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another.
Pathos: The appeal used when referencing personal experiences (e.g., Andre referencing his driving on I-35 in San Antonio to connect with a San Antonian audience).
Listening vs. Hearing: The statement, "Listening is another word for hearing," is false. Listening involves active engagement, while hearing is a passive process.
Language Considerations: It is advisable to assess whether your language employs too many slang or jargon words.
Supporting Material and Research
Primary Source: A firsthand account or direct evidence of events.
Expert Testimony: Information provided by a medical doctor on the threat of cholesterol is an example of expert testimony.
Lay Testimony: An example of lay testimony is Jorge talking to a student who rides her bike because parking is expensive.
Citing Information: Keisha should cite CDC information from the Washington Post as: "according to the CDC, as reported by the Washington Post in March of this year."
Paraphrasing: If you are paraphrasing, it is essential to convey the original author's ideas without plagiarizing. The claim regarding paraphrasing is false.
Analogy: An analogy compares an unfamiliar concept to a more familiar one to help the audience understand the unfamiliar concept.
Supporting Material Variety: A diverse assortment of supporting materials enhances the presentation's credibility.
Forms of Support: Examples, illustrations, and statistics are all classified as support.
Wikipedia as a Source: Wikipedia is not an excellent source to cite in a speech because it is editable by anyone with internet access, rendering it unreliable.
Types of Supporting Material: Supporting material can include personal experiences.
Google Scholar: According to the reference, Google Scholar is a resource where one can find research published in scholarly journal articles, books, themes, conference proceedings, and court opinions—this statement is true.
Popular Search Engines: Examples include Google, Yahoo, and Bing.
Organization and Structure
Event Speech Example: A speech on the Battle of Gettysburg pertains to an event.
Descriptive Speech: Brandon should structure his speech about his favorite state park as a descriptive speech to use vivid language effectively.
Establishing Speaker Credibility: Mentioning attendance at a seminar and interviewing an expert in an introduction exemplifies how to establish speaker credibility.
Public Speaking Norms: It is inappropriate for a public speaker to state the obvious like, “in conclusion,” is false, as closure narration can be beneficial.
Conclusion Clincher: A simple "thank you for listening" is not considered a strong conclusion clincher; this is false.
Signpost Example: The phrase “Now hear this” serves as a signpost in the speech.
Poor Clincher Example: Stating, “I’m not a great speaker, but I hope you learned something,” represents a poor clincher.
Introduction Preparation: The assertion that it is best to write the introduction first in speech preparation is false.
Speech Introduction Goals: The beginning of a speech should aim to direct the audience's attention, gain goodwill/respect, and attract their interest: all of the above.
Humorous Introductions: Starting a speech with a short joke or funny story can build rapport, ease listeners, and set a positive tone: all of the above.
Primacy vs. Recency Effect: The opposite of the recency effect is the primacy effect.
Speech Introductions: These are generally easier to prepare after developing the main points.
Humor in Introductions: The effective use of humor in an introduction can be compelling if done well.
Beginning Statements: Good speakers avoid starting with “Hello, my name is…” or “Today I will talk about…”. This concept is true.
Recency Effect: The assertion that according to the recency effect, audiences are likely to remember what they hear or read first is false.
Forgotten Material: If a speaker forgets material, discussing it in the conclusion summary is not advisable; this is false.
Sales Pitch: A sales pitch is classified as not an informative speaking situation, contrasting other forms of informative presentations.
Delivery
Impromptu Delivery: Julian is delivering an impromptu speech when his boss unexpectedly asks him for a 10-minute project update.
Types of Speech Delivery: The main types of delivering a speech are manuscript, memorization, impromptu, and extemporaneous.
Monotone Delivery: Monotone best describes speakers who do not use inflection or a range of pitch.
Vocalized Pauses: Pauses filled with "uh, um," etc., are identified as vocalized pauses or fillers, which should be avoided.
Articulation Improvement: Maria should work to enhance her articulation because her voice was noted as sounding too “nasaly.”
Regionalism Example: The phrase “good on ya, mate!” utilized by a speaker from Australia is identified as a regionalism.
Memory Speaking Misconception: The belief that speaking from memory is the most natural way to deliver a speech is false.
Appearance in Delivery: The notion that appearance is a part of delivery is false.
Eye Contact Practice: The best practice for making eye contact during a speech is to maintain direct contact with the audience for 80-90% of your speaking time.
External Credibility: If a speaker is suitably dressed, maintains eye contact, and speaks with confidence, they are developing external credibility.
Note Card Usage: The idea to write the entire speech on note cards to avoid forgetting content is false.
Delivery Cues: Speakers should include any delivery cues that will be part of their speech in their note cards.
Effective Speaking Characteristics: The characteristics of effective speaking include clear organization, a clear pleasant voice with good articulation, and flexible bodily activity: all of the above.
Movement During Speech: It is false that speakers should stand perfectly still behind a podium and should not move around during presentations.