ESP 166 Lecture 11_19

Recent Articles
- Two articles from within the month highlight large marine protected areas (MPAs) being established.
- Location 1: Azores, Portugal
  - Area set aside equivalent to the size of Virginia and Georgia.
  - 15% fully protected (fishing and other activities banned).
  - 15% highly protected (activities strictly regulated).
- Location 2: Australia
  - Establishment of small islands 2,000 miles away, totaling 52% of coastal environment protected.
30 by 30 Movement
- A UN initiative aimed to protect 30% of land and marine areas by 2030.
- Both Azores and Australia efforts align with this target.

Today’s Lecture Agenda
- Completion of commercial fisheries discussion.
- Introduction to marine protected areas (MPAs).
- Review implications on fisheries management.
Upcoming Topics
- Thursday: Finish MPAs; focus on California Fishery management.
- Tuesday after: Seafood certification and Aquaculture lecture available online.
- Last lecture on the Arctic on the 3rd; in-class exam on the 5th.
- Issue brief and short answer assignments ongoing.

Purpose
- To explore interaction topics such as the Chumash Tribe and National Marine Sanctuary.
- Incorporate broader themes like federal-tribal interactions.
Research Tips
- Look for literature beyond the specified topic to enrich context.
- Identify ten relevant articles promptly for the assignment requirements.

Sustainable Yield Goals
- Aim for maximum sustainable yield (MSY) to prevent population decline.
- Graphical representation discussed, focusing on current fishing mortality ratios.
Regulations and Reauthorizations
- New limits post reauthorization of the Magnuson-Stevens Act (2007); overfishing limits set to help sustain stocks.
Stock Status Analysis (2011)
- Overfished stocks identified across regions (e.g., New England cod).
Rebuilding Plans Necessary
- Triggered when stock biomass falls below threshold levels.

Ecosystem Dynamics
- Recognition of interconnectedness in marine ecosystems; fisheries should not just focus on individual species.
Management Approach Changes
- Shift from single-species to ecosystem-based management to consider multiple species and habitats.

Definition and Importance
- Areas preserved by federal, state, or local regulations for conservation.
- Encompass national marine sanctuaries, marine reserves, and other forms of protections.
Benefits of MPAs
- Enhancement in fish stocks, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience.
- Clinical studies suggest spillover effects increasing nearby catch.

Sanctuaries and Monuments
- National Marine Sanctuary Act (1972); prohibits harmful activities like dredging and dumping.
- National Marine Monuments established through presidential authority for conservation.
Challenges with No-Take Marine Reserves
- Ongoing debate on implementation, covering socio-economic impacts on communities reliant on fishing.

Reauthorization Stagnation
- Current state of ongoing negotiations on Magnuson-Stevens Act, balancing conservation needs and fishing industry pressures.
Climate Change Effects
- Species range shifts due to temperature changes complicating management efforts across jurisdictions.

Data Collection Methods
- Fishing reports and independent surveys to track stock status and improve management accuracy.
- Utilization of technologies such as eDNA and unmanned submersibles for better survey data.

The complexities of balancing conservation and utilization in fishery management.
The movement towards ecosystem-based approaches highlighting integrated management strategies for marine environments across sectors.