growth/development & animal behavior

What are the three phases of prenatal development: sex cells, embryological development, and fetus

What is hyperplasia: first 2/3 of the prenatal period, an increase in the number of cells

what is hypertrophy: last 1/3 of the prenatal period and postnatal, an increase in the animal’s size

Growth, development, development: ______ starts before _______ but __________ lasts longer

What impacts carcass composition: the amount of fat in tissue, smaller the quicker growing, the larger take longer to grow

As weight ______ so does muscle fat and bone (on a weight basis): increases

on a ________ basis over time they begin to decrease (muscle, and bone) and fat becomes a larger component than muscle: Percentage

Do different breeds and different genders of animals grow at the same rate: no, each of them grows slightly different

How do we assess an animal’s age: by mouthing them

at 30 months of maturation, what should be changed about a cow’s care: nutrition and the care of the carcass have to change

Explain a growth curve: accelerate rapidly through puberty and flatten into maturity

what is innate immunity: it something the animal is born with

what is acquired immunity: a developed immunity that can be active or passive

What is a killed vaccine: essentially dead organisms

what are the advantages of killed vaccines: generally stable and do not usually cause abortions

what are the disadvantages of killed vaccines: expensive, immunity does not last as long

what is an MLV or modified live vaccine: a live vaccine that will replicate and create immunity, and should not cause disease

what are the advantages of MLVs: cheaper and last longer

what are the disadvantages of MLVs: require special handling, and can cause abortions in the beginning prenatal stages

what is the average temperature for a cow: 101.5

what is the average temp for horses: 100.5

what is the average temp for goats and pigs: 102.0

what is the average temp for sheep: 103.0

instinct: a reflex, a known born-with thing

habituation: response after repetition, to get used to it, and form a habit

conditioning: association of things positive or negative (operant/classical)

reasoning: responding correctly the first time (not all animals can do this)

intelligence: requires memory to respond and create reasoning

imprinting: bonding of helpless young to a caretaker

Sexual behavior: assessing heat, production of pheromones, urine, and vaginal secretions

caregiving behavior: normally the mothers, are always associated with the need for something, by the weaning time this behavior declines

agnostic behavior: aggressive behavior and flight response, reflective in completion between animals

ingestive behavior: grazing techniques and preferences, temperature affects this

allelomimetic behavior: same things at the same time (pack and herd animals), impacts grazing and water habits.