Lesson 1

1. Present Perfect Tense

• Structure: have/has + past participle

• Usage:

  • Action completed at an indefinite time in the past

  • Action still relevant or ongoing

• Example: "They have traveled to Japan."

2. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• Structure: have/has + been + ing form

• Usage:

  • Action still ongoing, often with a specific duration

• Example: "She has been reading for two hours."

3. Past Perfect Tense

• Structure: had + past participle

• Usage:

  • Action completed before another past action

• Example: "They had left by the time I arrived."

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

• Structure: had + been + ing form

• Usage:

  • Action ongoing for some time before another past action

• Example: "He had been studying for hours before the test started."

5. Future Perfect Tense

• Structure: will + have + past participle

• Usage:

  • Action to be completed by a specific time in the future

• Example: "We will have finished the project by next week."