name
Anthropology
- Definition: Study of what makes us human.
- Focus: Human societies and cultures and their development.
- Etymology:
- Antropos - Human
- Logos - Study
Archeology (or Archaeology)
- Definition: Study of past human cultures through material remains.
- Methods: Involves analysis and interpretation of artifacts.
Subfields of Anthropology
- Verbal Linguistic: A case of self-struggle.
- Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS): Speech that causes a sudden change in speech, so that a native speaker is perceived to suddenly change to speak with a "foreign" accent.
- Non-verbal Linguistics: Involves using sign language, body language, symbols, facial expressions.
The Manunggul Jar
- Description: Secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site.
- Significance: Symbolizes that "there is life."
Banaue Rice Terraces
- Location: Philippines.
- Recognition: Top tourist destination, called the 8th Wonder of the Modern World.
Culture
- Definition: Set of unwritten norms of conduct that guide the behavior of a group.
- Elements: Includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man.
Aspects of Human Culture
1. Material Culture:
- Refers to physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture.
- Example: Tea or coffee.
2. Non-Material Culture:
- Thoughts or ideas that make up a culture.
- Includes language, dress codes, etiquette, rituals, business, and social transactions.
- Health and sanitation protocols become norms and rules.
Biological or Physical Anthropology
- Deals with the biological evolution of humans and their variability.
Skintone
- Determined by the amount of melanin in the skin.
Linguistic Anthropology
- Interdisciplinary study of the role of language.
- Verbal-linguistic: Hearing style refers to a person's ability to reason.
Cultural Norms (Examples)
- Bowing: Shows rank in Japan.
- Slouching: Rude in most Northern European areas.
- Hands in Pocket: Disrespectful in Turkey.
- Sitting with Legs Crossed: Offensive in Ghana.
The Cultural
- Culture: Represents the beliefs and practices of a group; represents the people who share those beliefs.
- Egocentric: Person's identity is independent from the group.
- Sociocentric: Society – person gets their identity from the group, traditionally the extended family.
The Identity Toolbox
- Features of a person's identity – constructing a social self.
- Self-identification may be altered by:
- Kinship of family, membership, or blood relationship.
- Gender
- Age
- Language
- Religion
- Ethnicity (ancestry)
- Personal Appearance
- Socioeconomic Status
Personal Naming
- Definition: A universal practice with numerous cross-cultural variations.
- Purpose: Establishes a child's birthright and social identity.
Rite of Passage
- Definition: A ceremony or event marking an important transition.
Phases of Rite of Passage
1. Separation:
- Phase is the detachment from the former self or from the group.
2. Liminality:
- Phase or transition; the "in-between" time in which the participant has lost their old identity.
3. Incorporation or Reintegration:
- Phase; the change in one's status is officially incorporated.