Parallel Structure

Parallel Structure

Definition

  • Parallel Structure (or Parallelism) refers to the use of similar grammatical forms or structures in writing to create balance and rhythm.

Importance

  • Enhances clarity and readability.

  • Improves the flow of writing.

  • Emphasizes related ideas and concepts.

  • Creates a sense of cohesion and unity in sentences.

Examples

  1. Lists:

    • Correct: "I enjoy reading, writing, and hiking."

    • Incorrect: "I enjoy reading, to write, and hiking."

  2. Correlative Conjunctions:

    • Correct: "Either you start behaving, or you will face consequences."

    • Incorrect: "Either you start behaving, or facing consequences."

  3. Comparative Structures:

    • Correct: "She is smarter than she is hardworking."

    • Incorrect: "She is smarter than hardworking."

Types of Parallel Structure

  1. Words: Using the same part of speech.

    • Example: "The dog barked, the cat meowed, and the bird chirped."

  2. Phrases: Maintaining the same grammatical structure.

    • Example: "To read is to learn, to write is to express."

  3. Clauses: Keeping clauses in the same form.

    • Example: "He likes to swim, to run, and to cycle."

Common Mistakes

  • Mixing different forms or structures within a list.

  • Inconsistent verb tenses or moods.

  • Failing to maintain parallelism in complex sentences.

Tips for Achieving Parallel Structure

  • Identify Lists: Look for lists in your writing and ensure each item follows the same grammatical form.

  • Use Conjunctions: When using conjunctions, ensure both parts are parallel.

  • Read Aloud: Hearing your writing can help identify awkward or unbalanced structures.

  • Revise: Always review your work for parallelism, especially in formal writing.

Three Rules of Parallel Structure

  1. Rule 1: Parallel Structure with Coordinating Conjunctions

    • Use parallel structure when joining elements with coordinating conjunctions (like and or but).

    • Example:

      • Incorrect: I am allergic to the dog’s hair and how it smells.

      • Correct: I am allergic to the dog’s hair and smell.

  2. Rule 2: Parallel Structure in Lists or Series

    • Use parallel structure when writing elements in a list or series.

    • Example:

      • Incorrect: The class valued respect, honesty, and being on time in a teacher.

      • Correct: The class valued respect, honesty, and promptness in a teacher.

  3. Rule 3: Parallel Structure in Comparisons or Contrasts

    • Use parallel structure when comparing or contrasting elements.

    • Example:

      • Incorrect: James enjoys reading more than to write.

      • Correct: James enjoys reading more than writing.

These rules emphasize maintaining consistency in sentence structure for clearer and more effective writing.

Conclusion

  • Mastering parallel structure is essential for effective communication. It not only enhances the aesthetic quality of writing but also ensures that the message is conveyed clearly and persuasively.