Reading Quiz 1, Ch. 1&2
The Relationship Between Europeans & Africans
europeans in the new world eventually resorted to importing slaves from africa (supported by de las casas)
weaponry, textiles, and rum/alcohol were traded from europe to africa
Slavery in Africa
several factors involving the mistreatment of native americans (forced labor & conversion to catholicism, dieases such as smallpox, destruction of empires, etc.) decimated native populations. because of this europeans started to import slaves from africa. de las casas was a spanish priest who encouraged the use of africans for slave labor of that of native americans because africans were, “more use to it”.
Southwest Native American Tribes (Pueblo, Apache, Navejo & Hopi)
their homes were story buildings made of adobe (dried mud), built into/beside cliffs to protect from the heat
for food, they ate small animals, fished, and created irrigation canals to create the fertile soil needed for agriculture.
Mississippi Valley & Southeast Native American Tribes (Cherokee & Tuscaroras)
these tribes had a lot of access to trees, woods, etc.
they were stationary, and lived in villages surrounded by tall fences. these villages had several small houses with a tall/larger central building reserved for the chief/religous purposes.
in the northern woodlands, they had longhouses that were equiped with chimnies.
Great Plains Native American Tribes (Sioux & Cheyenne)
they lived in portable teepees, which were made from buffalo hides.
because they relied on the buffalo for food, housing, etc., they were mostly nomadic tribes.
Pacific Northwest Native American Tribes (Nez Perce & Yakama)
their homes each had a totem pole in front of them for religious purposes, and the houses themselves were made from wood to protect from the cold, rain, etc.
they were a stationary group, and relied primaryily on fishing and agriculture for food.
Motivating Factors of Exploration
the ottoman conquest of constantinople in 1453 led to the rest of europe boycotting the silk road, and therefore increased demand for a water route to asia.
spanish and portugese explorers conducted voyages to attempt to convert the natives.
personal noteriety, or fame was also a factor (ex: christopher colombus) leaders such as ferdinand & isabella of spain hoped that if a spanish explorer were to find success in the new world it would bring national glory.
Rise of the Portuguese
prince henry the navigator establishes his navigation school in libson.
the dias voyage in 1588 to the cape of good hope proved that it was possible to get to asia by passing under africa.
da gama’s voyage in 1598 to the malabar coast in india established direct european → asian contact.
Unifying Spain
the reconquista of spain in 1492, where the granada fell & the spanish took back spain from the moors.
ferdinand & isabella sponsored several trips, including christopher colombus’ attempted trip to asia in 1492.
the colombian exchange follows how goods, diseases, ideas, people, etc. move between the old and new world.
Catholicism to Anglican to Protestant Pipeline
initially started with king henry the 8th of england breaking from the catholic church to form the anglican church.
some anglicans started to display more calvinist values, and wanted the local churches to have more autonomy. these people became puritans.
part of the puritan belief is predestination, where you are either predestined to be saved (the elect) or not.
the protestant reformation leads to the creation of several catholic denominations
Relationship Between Natives, Africans & Europeans
cortez conquered the aztecs in 1521, and pizarro coquered the incans in 1532.
roanoke dissappears in 1587.
natives were enslaved and forcibly converted in encomiendas, run by spanidh hacienda/mine owners.
the pueblo rebellion occured when the pueblo and apaches came together to overthrow the spanish for 12 years.
in the trianagluar trade, europe gave africa weapons, fabric, and alcohol. america recieved slaves from africa, and sent sugar and coffee back to europe.