S2 C1-C2 NOW I KNOW HOW JOAN OF ARC FELT

to exploit one’s legacy – to use smb’s reputation for personal gain

to reference sth - to allude to sth

martyr – smb who dies or suffers greatly for their beliefs or a cause

sheer dress – a dress made of thin, see-through fabric

crucifix necklace – a necklace with a cross that includes

the figure of Jesus Christ, symbolizing his crucifixion

clad in armour – dressed in armor

patron saint – a saint who is seen as a protector or guide

for a particular group or cause

recurring figure – smb or sth that appears repeatedly

metallic gown – a dress made of or resembling shiny metal

to reignite public fascination with sth – to spark renewed

interest in sth

to take a vow of chastity – to promise to remain celibate or pure

to be burned at the stake – to be killed by burning

to adopt male attire – to wear men’s clothing

defiance of gender norms – resistance to expectations about gender

to deify smb – to treat smb like a god or goddess

to step away from an assigned role – to reject a role given

to you by society

revered as a feminist heroine – deeply respected as a symbol

of female strength and independence

to co-opt smb’s image – to use smb’s image for your own purposes

to suit somebody’s agenda – to fit or serve smb’s plans or goals

secular – not religious or spiritual

to invoke Joan of Arc – to reference the story of Joan of Arc

pious – deeply religious or devoted to faith

proto-feminist – smb who supported women’s rights

before the feminist movement
chainmail – protective clothing made of small metal rings linked together

exasperated with sth – extremely frustrated or annoyed by sth

to resurrect sth – to revive sth

apocryphal – of doubtful authenticity, often referring to stories

a political milieu of escalating conflicts – a political environment with increasing tensions

distaste for scientific modernity – dislike for a science-driven society

in turmoil – in a state of chaos, confusion, or disorder

to subscribe to the capitalist logic – to accept the principles of capitalism

stalwart – a strong, loyal supporter

cursory glance – a quick, superficial look

key tenets of castlecore – the main ideas of the medieval aesthetic

the dearth of spirituality – the lack or absence of spiritual beliefs

to raise smb to the stature of celebrity – to elevate to the status

of a famous person

to articulate forms of womanhood – to express different ideas

about being a woman

conduit of divine contact – intermediary for communication with God

instant gratification – immediate satisfaction or reward

instantaneous – happening immediately, without delay

to burst into unquenchable tears – to suddenly start crying uncontrollably

redemptive love – love that saves or redeems smb,

often from suffering

this all comes with the obvious caveat – this is all true,

but with an important warning or limitation

sporadic trends – irregular or unpredictable trends
sublime – extremely good, beautiful, or enjoyable

ubiquitous – present and visible everywhere at all times

to adorn sth – to enhance the beauty of sth with decorations

to chastise sth – to scold or criticize sth harshly

carnal passion – intense physical desire or lustful feelings

to lionize smb – to treat smb as a hero or idol

to have agency – to possess the ability to act independently

offspring – a person’s children

stoic – showing great self-control and endurance in difficult situations

uninhibited by the social mores – free from societal norms or restrictions

lapsed morals – declining or abandoned ethical standards

paragons of feminist virtue – ideal examples of strong, independent women

damsel in distress – woman portrayed as helpless and needing rescue

sorceress – a woman skilled in magic or sorcery

to recast a notion of beauty – to redefine what is considered beautiful

to hone the Pre-Raphaelite look – to refine or perfect the aesthetic style of the Pre-Raphaelites

the consequences of passion run amok – the negative outcomes of uncontrolled desires

meek – quiet, humble, and submissive in character

on the cusp of womanhood – at the transition point

between girlhood and womanhood

to have dire consequences – to result in sth

serious, harmful, or severe
sun-dappled field – a field with patches of sunlight shining through foliage

overbearingly mainstream – too common, often losing uniqueness

to bridge the past to the present – to connect the past and present

potent escapism – a powerful way to escape reality

self-referential styles – styles that reference themselves

derivative aesthetic – a style that lacks originality and copies sth else

to span over a thousand years – to cover a period of 1000 years

to draw/pull/cull from – to take inspiration or elements from a source

fallible – capable of making mistakes or being wrong

poignant – evoking strong emotions, often sadness or nostalgia

to grapple with sth – to struggle or wrestle with a problem or issue

to feel animosity toward sth – to have strong dislike toward sth

jarring – different or unexpected that it has a strong and unpleasant effect

to cement an idea – to firmly establish or solidify a concept

pageantry – impressive and colourful ceremonies

to scoff at sth – to mock or show contempt for sth

chivalric knight – a knight embodying ideals of honor and bravery

to harken back to medieval styles – to return to medieval designs

sequestered to the world of art – confined to the realm of art

to incorporate Arthurian themes – to include elements

related to King Arthur or his legends

mystical leanings – interest in spirituality

pseudo-medieval – faux-medieval

medieval-adjacent – related to the medieval aesthetic

disillusionment with sth – disappointment with sth

to connect with our predecessors – to establish a

link with those who came before us