Design & Technology Secondary 1 Weighted Assessment Notes

Total Duration: The assessment is designed to be completed within a strict time limit of 40 minutes.
Total Marks: The assessment has a maximum score of 30 marks.
Required Stationery:
- Written answers must be completed in either dark blue or black ink pen.
- Drawings, diagrams, and graphs must be rendered using a 2B pencil.
Prohibited Items: The use of staples, paper clips, glue, or correction fluid is strictly forbidden.
Submission Details: Students must provide their full name, class, and index number on all handed-in work.

Workshop Entry Protocol: Students are strictly prohibited from entering the workshop at their own discretion. Access is granted only after explicit permission has been given by a teacher or an instructor. Entry is not permitted immediately upon arrival at the door, when the bell rings, or simply because safety gear has been donned.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Machinery:
- Scroll Saw: The mandatory safety gear required when operating a Scroll Saw is safety goggles.
- Drilling Machine: Before starting the machine, it is essential to ensure that the chuck key has been completely removed from the chuck. This prevents the key from being projected at high speed when the motor starts.
Waste Management: The correct and safe method for removing waste material, chips, or swarf after machining is to use a brush or a vacuum cleaner. It is dangerous to blow chips away with the mouth or attempt to brush them away with bare hands.
Handling Workpieces: Working on excessively small workpieces should be avoided. The primary reason for this restriction is to prevent the operator's fingers from coming into dangerous proximity with cutting blades or rotating sanding discs.

Categorization of Structures: Structures can be broadly classified into two primary categories based on their origin:
- Natural Structures: Those found in the environment that are not made by humans (e.g., shells, skeletons, trees).
- Man-made Structures: Objects created by humans (e.g., buildings, bridges, furniture).
Structural Functions: Different structures are designed to perform specific roles, which include:
- Contain: Holding or enclosing contents within a space.
- Protect: Shielding internal components or users from external forces or environmental factors.
- Span: Extending across a gap or space to provide a path or coverage.
- Support: Carrying the weight of a load or maintaining the shape of an object against gravity and other forces.
Structural Types: Common forms include Frame structures (interconnected members) and Shell structures (thin outer layers).

Table Stability: Reinforcement methods are employed in furniture design, such as tables, to stiffen the frame and make the overall assembly steadier and more resistant to wobbling or collapse.
Reinforcement Application: Strengthening often occurs at critical joints (e.g., the intersection of a table leg and the tabletop frame). Common techniques involve adding bracing, gussets, or specific joint reinforcements to triangularize the structure and increase rigidity.

Isometric Projections: Sketches are produced using isometric perspective to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane. Key requirements include:
- Crating Method: A technique where a rectangular or square "crate" (box) is drawn first to encompass the maximum dimensions of the object, ensuring the final sketch maintains correct proportions.
- Scaling: Drawings may be required to be original size or scaled. For specific tasks, a scale factor of $2 \times$ (twice the original size) may be required while maintaining the exact proportions of the source figure.
- Proportion Maintenance: Regardless of size, the ratio between the length, width, and height must remain consistent with the original object provided.

Successful technical sketches are evaluated based on three primary pillars:

Perspective:
- Top Tier: Accurate isometric perspective with correct angles and parallel lines.
- Lower Tiers: Inaccurate perspectives with significant errors in angles or line directions.
Proportion:
- Top Tier: Accurate proportions with correct scaling (e.g., $2 \times$ size) and faithful representation of the original object.
- Lower Tiers: Significant errors in scaling or inconsistent representation of part sizes relative to one another.
Line Work:
- Top Tier: Clean, confident, and consistent lines. Correct application of line weight (varying thickness) and style.
- Lower Tiers: Poor line quality, inconsistent strokes, or incorrect line weights.