Problem Solving with C

C Programming Language

Why Learn C After Python?

• While Python is simpler, C is essential for low-level and system-level programming.

• C provides better performance and access to system resources.

Applications of C

• Significant systems where C is used include:

  • Linux Kernel

  • Adobe Photoshop

  • Mozilla Firefox

  • Bloomberg Terminal

  • Symbian OS

Features of C

• Critical features of C include:

  • Simple syntax

  • Portability across platforms

  • Mid-level language incorporating high- and low-level features

  • Extensive memory management options

  • Rich set of built-in libraries

  • Support for pointers and recursion.

C Program Structure

• A C program must include:

  • #include directives

  • int main() as the entry point

  • Return statements for exit status.

Example Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}

Error Handling

• Types of errors include:

  • Compile-time Errors: Syntax issues during compilation.

  • Runtime Errors: Issues that occur during program execution.

Example of a Compile-time Error:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0
}

Input/Output Functions

• Key functions like printf() and scanf() are used for output and input.

Example of Input/Output:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int number;
    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &number);
    printf("You entered: %d\n", number);
    return 0;
}

Control Structures

• If statements and loops (for, while) control the execution flow.

Example of a For Loop:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("Number: %d\n", i);
    }
    return 0;
}