Preface

The document begins with a preface in praise of Allah, the Prophet Muhammad, and his Companions. This introductory section emphasizes gratitude towards God, depicting Him as “the Merciful, the Compassionate,” and centers on the divine as the Lord of all worlds. The preface also invokes blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad and all his followers.

Historical Context

The narrative unfolds in the year 1021, specifically on the 12th of Rabi’u’l-awal. It details events that transpired during the reign of Sultan Ala’u’d-din Ri‘ayat Shah. The chronicle begins with the arrival of Sri Nara-wangsa, named Tun Bambang, whose lineage traces back to Sri Agar Raja of Petani. Tun Bambang has been instructed by the Sultan to create a genealogical account of the Malay Rajas, preserving the historical narrative for future generations.

Purpose of the Chronicle

Sultan Ala’u’d-din wished for a chronicle that would elucidate the genealogy of the Malay Rajas and the ceremonial practices of their courts. The intention is for his descendants to understand their history and gain wisdom from it. The author acknowledges his humble position and the limitations of his knowledge in crafting this chronicle, labeled as “Sulalatu' s-Salatina,” meaning the genealogy of kings.

The Story of Raja Iskandar

Raja Iskandar the Two-Horned

  • Iskandar, son of Raja Darab from Macedonia, embarks on a journey to the East. Upon arrival at India, he confronts Raja Kida Hindi, a ruler of considerable territory comprising half of India.
  • Raja Kida Hindi, alerted to Iskandar's approach, assembles his forces to repel him.
The Battle
  • A significant battle ensues between the armies of Raja Iskandar and Raja Kida Hindi, leading to Iskandar's victory. Kida is captured and willingly converts to Islam upon Iskandar’s command, embracing the faith of Abraham.
The Offer of Marriage
  • Upon his defeat, Raja Kida Hindi contemplates marrying his daughter, Shahru’l-Bariyah, to Raja Iskandar, recognizing her unmatched beauty and virtue. Kida confers with his chief minister, who supports his plan. Subsequently, Kida sends a minister to seek Iskandar’s agreement for the marriage.
  • Raja Iskandar accedes, and the formal marriage ceremony is officiated by Nabi Khidlir, who invokes blessings from God over the union. The dowry set for Shahru’l-Bariyah is three hundred thousand dinars.

The Marriage and Aftermath

  • Raja Iskandar bestows lavish gifts upon Kida, including precious stones, valuable horses, and robes of honor. The celebration is grand, with nobles presenting treasures as alms for the needy.
  • After the wedding, Shahru’l-Bariyah moves in with Raja Iskandar, who gifts her magnificent jewelry and robe of honor. They spend ten days together before Iskandar departs for the East again, with Shahru’l-Bariyah’s father longing for her return.

The Pregnancy of Shahru’l-Bariyah

  • Unbeknownst to both, Shahru’l-Bariyah returns to her father pregnant with Iskandar’s child. Upon realizing her condition, she informs Raja Kida Hindi, who rejoices, considering the coming child as a blessing.
  • The child, Raja Aristun Shah, later becomes a significant figure in the genealogy. Raja Kida Hindi dies after forty-five years, and his grandson, Aristun Shah, ascends the throne.
Succession of Kings

The document lists the successors after Raja Kida Hindi:

  1. Raja Aristun Shah (first leader after Kida) - ruled for 355 years.
  2. Raja Aftas - ruled for 120 years.
  3. Raja Askainat - ruled for 3 years.
  4. Raja Kasdas - ruled for 12 years.
  5. Raja Amtabus - ruled for 13 years.
  6. Raja Heruwaskainan - ruled for 30 years.
  7. Raja Arahadaskainat - ruled for 9 years.
  8. Raja Gudarz Kuhan - ruled for 70 years.
  9. Raja Nikabus Ashkabus - ruled for 40 years.
  10. Raja Ardashir-i Papagan - married a daughter of Raja Nushirwan ‘Adil, ruling for an extended period.
  11. His descendants, including Derma Nus, Raja Ramji, Raja Tersi, and Raja Ajakar, span several generations.

The Story of Raja Shulan

The Conquests

Raja Shulan, headquartered in Nagapatam, embarks on military campaigns, ultimately coming face-to-face with Raja Linggi Shah Johan in Gennga Nagara. Despite resistance and battle, Shulan succeeds and marries the daughter of Raja Linggi, returning later to establish Bija Nagara.

The Rule of Raja Chulan

Following Raja Shulan’s death and a succession of rulers, including Raja Chulan who attempts to conquer China but faces a tactical ruse, highlighting the complexities of historical conquests. His marriage alliances further complicate royal lineages.

Notable Figures and Events

Mĕrah Silu

A tale within the narrative involves Mĕrah Silu, who unexpectedly acquires wealth through catching galley-worms and transforms his fortune, leading to the establishment of the famed city Semudra.

Sultan Muhammad Shah of Malacca

Later sections recount how Sultan Muhammad Shah reigned with justice, firmly establishing Malacca as a major city and cultural center, extending influence both in the region and overseas.

The Defense Against the Franks

The narrative culminates with Sultan Ahmad’s defense against the Frankish forces, detailing the tension of war, the urgency in battle preparations, and the ultimate outcomes that lead to Malacca's struggle against external threats.

Conclusion

This extensive chronicle traverses generations of poets and historians, illuminating the lineage and tales of significant figures in Malay history while weaving a rich tapestry of cultural insights and Islamic teachings. Upon its completion, it exhorts readers to reflect on its lessons and legacies, affirming a deep respect and connection to their heritage.