REVIEWER-RP

Research Overview

Research Basics

  • Inquiry, investigation, and immersion are components of research.

  • Inquiry: Questions answered instantly.

  • Investigation: Questions needing further verification and validation.

  • Research: A systematic technique to obtain solutions to problems.

  • Characteristics include being analytical, empirical, cyclical, replicable, and logical.

Research Tools

  • Qualitative Research Tools: Interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guides, Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA).

  • Quantitative Research Tools: Checklist, survey questionnaire, multiple-choice tests.

Qualitative vs Quantitative Research

Definitions

  • Qualitative: Systematic subjective approach to describe experiences.

  • Quantitative: Formal objective process to obtain information.

Goals

  • Qualitative: Gain insight & explore complexity.

  • Quantitative: Test relationships & examine cause-effect.

Characteristics

  • Qualitative:

    • Soft science, holistic, subjective, develops theory.

    • Basic element of analysis: Words.

  • Quantitative:

    • Hard science, reductionistic, objective, tests theory.

    • Basic element of analysis: Numbers.

Experimental vs Non-Experimental Research

Experimental Research

  • Determines the effect of treatment on subjects, using control and experimental groups.

  • Types: True-experimental, Quasi-experimental, Pre-experimental.

Non-Experimental Research

  • Aimed at describing data and investigating relationships between variables.

  • Types: Descriptive, Correlational, Causal-comparative surveys.

Mixed Methods Research

  • Combines qualitative and quantitative methods for comprehensive understanding.

  • Types: Explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, parallel, nested.

Research Topics

Choosing a Research Topic

  • Consider interest, availability of information, relevance, and limitations.

  • Avoid controversial, technical, vague topics.

Sources of Research Topics

  • Mass media, books, Internet, prior assignments, work experience.

Narrowing Down the Topic

  • Define the research question, identify key concepts, consult sources, assess scope, consider audience.

Literature Review and Ethical Standards

Related Literature

  • Comprehensive survey of scholarly sources, aiding in understanding existing knowledge and gaps.

Ethical Standards

  • Guidelines for conducting studies involving human participants, ensuring trust and long-term benefits.

Selecting and Citing Literature

  • Relevance, currency, credibility, clarity are criteria.

  • APA citation formats for referencing sources.

IMRaD Format

Key Elements

  • Introduction: Background, theoretical framework, purpose, research questions.

  • Methodology: Research methods and analysis.

  • Results and Discussion: Present data, connect findings to discourses.