world history ap flashcards summer assignment

Abdicate; political: to formally step down (from a monarchy or high position)

Agrarian; economy: relating to rural/ agricultural land and its use/ ownership

Animism; cultural: belief that objects, animals, and places have a distinct spiritual being and soul

Antiquity: relating to ancient times

Appeasement; political: providing/ negotiating the opposition with an advantage to prevent further conflict and pacify the situation

Aristocracy; political: a government where a few elites rule, usually a decided by hereditary 

Asceticism; cultural: significant self discipline and avoiding indulgence usually for religious reasons (ex. fasting, celibacy, isolation)

Assimilate: to take in and conform to the cultural and social lifestyles of one's surroundings

Authoritarian; political: government where people must obey and lack freedom for themselves

Autocracy; political: government where one person has full power

Bourgeois; interactions: relating to the typical middle class specifically its values 

Bureaucracy; political: government where key choices are made by state officials instead of elected individuals

Civic; political: relating to citizenship, a city of community dealings

Centralized Government; political: government where executive and legislative power is concentrated at the same higher level (as opposed to distribution among lower levels)

Coerced Labor; economy: work someone does where they don’t get compensated and are often threatened, manipulated, and compelled into doing.

Colony; interactions: an area that has been politically overtaken by another country which is often distant

Commerce; interactions: exchange of goods between two or more individuals

Communal: shared by everyone in the community

Concubine; social: a women who lives with a man, but has lower status then his wive(s) (mistress)

Conscription; interactions: mandatory enrollment for military service

Cosmopolitan; social: people from various different countries

Coup; political: an unexpected sudden achievement, often the overthrowing in politics by a small group

Decentralized Government; political: government in which the power is distributed among various factions across and variety of regions

Demographic: statistics and information that describe a given population and its characteristics

Despot; political: a ruler who holds total power and often uses it to oppress others in a cruel way

Diaspora: the scattered movement of people/ migration from their ancestral homeland

Dissent: to differ in opinion from the majority

Domestic: relating to one's family, home country, or home

Dynasty; political: succession of rulers that come from the same descent or ancestors

Edict; political: a rule made/ given by authority

Egalitarian; cultural: an individual who believes in the equality of all people

Emigrate; interactions: leaving one’s country to settle in another permanently

Gentry: well- born and bred individuals of high class

Hierarchy; economy: a system in which individuals and groups are ranked above each other  according to status or authority

Homogenous: of the same type, uniform throughout

Imperialism: rich and powerful countries conquering other countries in desire of the other countries’ power and/ or economy

Indigenous: originating in a particular place (native)

Infrastructure; technology:  the essential physical and organizational structures needed for a society (roads, buildings)

Lineage: individuals that are related to each other via. a particular ancestor

Linguistic: the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language

Maritime: related to the sea

Matrilineal: family relationships that can be traced to a female (inheriting or determining something through the female line of ancestors)

Mercenary: 1.) concerned only about making money with little care for ethics 2.) a professional soldier or individual hired to fight without a connection to the political motives of the conflict

Monarchy; political: a political system dependent on the undivided power of one individual

Monopoly: exclusive control and/ or ownership of something

Monotheism; cultural: belief that there is only one God

Nationalism; cultural: loyalty, faith, and belief in one’s own nation, especially at the detriment of other nations

Nomadic; interactions: a person who has no fixed home, but wanders to different places

Oligarchy; political: power structure in which the power is with a small group of people

Papacy; cultural: the office of the Pope

Parliament; political: an assembly of representatives that makes laws

Pastoral; cultural: 1.) the duties of a priest and responsibilities, especially helping people with their personal problems 2.)keeping sheep, cattle, and other animals

Patriarchy; political: system of government where the father or eldest male is head and descent is traced through his line

Patronage: support given to an organization by someone

Peasant; interactions: a poor farmer of low status who cultivates on a small area

Piety: devout in religion, faithfulness

Polygamy; cultural: practice of having more than one husband/ wife

Polytheism; cultural: belief in worshipping more than one God

Proletariat; economy: social class of the working class

Region: an area having definable characteristics but not physical boundaries (typically within a country)

Republic; political: government where the state is ruled by representatives they elect

Secular; cultural: not religious in character

Sedentary: a lifestyle characterized by sitting and doing little physical exercise

Stratification: the division of society into different classes

Succession: one person coming after another in an order

Suffrage; political: the right to vote in politics

Syncretism: a fusion of different religions, philosophies, or cultures

Theocracy; cultural: a government where priests rule under God’s name

Theology; cultural: the study of religious practice, faith, and experience

Totalitarian; politics: a government where power is centralized and dictatorial and includes entire subservience to the state

Tributary State; political: a state lower in rank or power than its neighboring state

Tyranny; political: a state ruled by a oppressive absolute ruler

Urbanization; interactions: the process of people moving in large numbers to small areas, thus creating a city

Usurp: take by force or illegally

Vernacular;cultural: the dialect or language spoken by regular people in any particular region or country