Study Notes for Bahasa Melayu Komunikasi 2
Lincoln University College MPU3143 BAHASA MELAYU KOMUNIKASI 2
Topic I: BUNYI DAN SEBUTAN (Sounds and Pronunciation)
Lecturer Name: Mr. Navindran A/L Thangarajoo
Learning Outcome
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
Pronounce and identify vowels, diphthongs, consonants, and consonant clusters.
Spell words and read simple words correctly.
Identify and state the value of numbers and currency values correctly.
State the time, day, date, and time adverbs correctly.
Lesson 1 - Vowel and Diphthong (Vokal dan Diftong)
Introduction
This lesson will introduce students to vowel and diphthong sounds in the Malay Language.
Students will be trained to pronounce vocal and diphthong sounds with syllables exercises.
Vowel Sounds (Bunyi Vokal)
In the Malay language, there are five vowels: a, e, i, o, u.
The vowel e has two sounds: e pepet and e taling.
1. Vowel [a]
Way to pronounce /a/ (similar to 'father').
Syllables to read:
ba, ca, da, fa, ga, ha, ja, ka, la, ma, na, pa, qa, ra, sa, ta, va, wa, ya, za.
Say the following words:
stockphoto
Ga-jah
Ka-tak
ba-dak
Rama-rama
Ma-ta
2. Vowel [e] pepet
Way to pronounce /ǝ/ (similar to 'again').
Syllables to read:
be, ce, de, fe, ge, he, je, ke, le, me, ne, pe, re, se, te.
Say the following words:
ge-las
SHARP
se-te-ri-ka
te-lur
shifferstack.
em-pat
ke-ris
3. Vowel [e] taling
Way to pronounce /e/ (similar to 'set').
Syllables to read:
bĕ, cĕ, dĕ, fĕ, gĕ, hĕ, jĕ, kĕ, lĕ, mĕ, nĕ, pĕ, rĕ, sĕ, tĕ, wĕ.
Say the following words:
mě-ja
pěn
ě-pal
fĕ-ri
kĕ-ju
4. Vowel [i]
Way to pronounce /i/ (similar to 'feet, neat').
Syllables to read:
bi, ci, di, fi, gi, hi, ji, ki, li, mi, ni, pi, qi, ri, si, ti, vi, wi, yi, zi.
Say the following words:
i-tik
ci-li
bi-ri-bi-ri
li-ma
gi-gi
5. Vowel [o]
Way to pronounce /o/ (similar to 'note').
Syllables to read:
bo, co, do, fo, go, ho, jo, ko, lo, mo, no, ro, so, to, vo, yo, zo.
Say the following words:
o-tak
bo-la
lo-bak
po-kok
ro-ti
6. Vowel [u]
Way to pronounce /u/ (similar to 'food').
Syllables to read:
bu, cu, du, fu, gu, hu, ju, ku, lu, mu, nu, pu, qu, ru, su, tu, wu, yu, zu.
Say the following words:
un-ta
bu-rung
ru sa
Ku-da
u-bat
Diphthong Sounds
In the Malay spelling system, there are three diphthongs: ai, au, and oi.
Examples of diphthongs:
ai: Hai-ran, Su-ngai
au: Au-ra, Su-rau
oi: Am-boi, Ka-loi
Additional examples include: Da-mai, Pu-lau, Se-koi, Se-rai, Pi-sau, Se-poi
Lesson 2 - Consonant and Consonant Cluster
Introduction
This lesson is a continuation of Lesson 1.
In this lesson, students will be exposed to consonant sounds and consonant clusters.
Consonant Sounds
The Malay language has 20 consonants, which include:
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, y, z.
Examples of consonant-vowel combinations:
Cons. Vowel
a: b, ba
e: be, bĕ
ĕ: bĕ, bi
i: bi, bu
o: bo, bu
Consonant Cluster Sounds
There are five consonant clusters, as follows:
gh: gha, ghe, ghĕ, ghi, gho, ghu
kh: Kha, khe, Khĕ, Khi, Kho, Khu
ng: nga, nge, ngĕ, ngi, ngo, ngu
ny: nya, nye, nyĕ, nyi, nyo, nyu
sy: sya, sye, syĕ, syi, syo, syu
Listening Exercise (Latihan Mendengar)
gha-ib: unseen
me-nga-pa: Why
nya-nyi: sing
sya-rat: requisite
Kha-bar: news
Ke-na-nga: Canangium odoratum
Nya-muk: Mosquito
Sya-ri-kat: Company
Nga-nga: Open (mouth)
Wa-ngi: Fragrant
Pe-nyu: turtle
Bu-nga: flower
Ngan-tuk: sleepy
Ba-ngu-nan: building
Pe-nye-lia: supervisor
Nya-ring: penetrative
Reading Exercise (Latihan Membaca)
Read the following sentences clearly:
a. Saya pelajar universiti: Saya belajar Bahasa Melayu.
b. Dia baca buku setiap hari: Bapa dia kayuh beca.
c. Ali tarik tali: Hari ini tarikh lahir saya.
d. Hari-hari dia main bola sepak: Dia belajar pola ayat.
Lesson 3 – Number (Nombor)
Introduction
In this lesson, students will learn the number system in the Malay language: Ten, Hundred, Thousand, Million.
This lesson also covers Malaysian Ringgit currency values and both time and days.
Number System (Sistem Nombor)
Basic Numbers:
0: Sifar/kosong
1: Satu
2: Dua
3: Tiga
4: Empat
5: Lima
6: Enam
7: Tujuh
8: Lapan
9: Sembilan
10: Sepuluh
11: Sebelas
12: Dua Belas
13: Tiga Belas
14: Empat Belas
15: Lima Belas
16: Enam Belas
17: Tujuh Belas
18: Lapan Belas
19: Sembilan Belas
Tens (Puluh)
Numbers from 20 to 99:
20: Dua Puluh
30: Tiga Puluh
40: Empat Puluh
50: Lima Puluh
60: Enam Puluh
70: Tujuh Puluh
80: Lapan Puluh
90: Sembilan Puluh
21: Dua Puluh Satu
22: Dua Puluh Dua
99: Sembilan Puluh Sembilan
Hundreds (Ratus)
Numbers from 100 to 999:
100: Seratus/Satu ratus
200: Dua ratus
300: Tiga ratus
400: Empat ratus
500: Lima ratus
600: Enam ratus
700: Tujuh ratus
800: Lapan ratus
900: Sembilan ratus
101: Seratus satu
111: Seratus Sebelas
120: Seratus dua puluh
121: Seratus dua puluh satu
Thousands (Ribu)
1,000 - 9,000:
Seribu/satu ribu
9,000: Sembilan ribu
Examples:
1,001: Seribu Satu
1,111: Seribu seratus sebelas
1,120: Seribu seratus dua puluh
Ten Thousands (Puluh Ribu)
Numbers from 10,000 to 90,000:
10,000: Sepuluh ribu
90,000: Sembilan puluh ribu
Examples of breakdown:
10,001: Sepuluh ribu satu
11,111: Sebelas ribu seratus sebelas
11,120: Sebelas ribu seratus dua puluh
11,121: Sebelas ribu seratus dua puluh satu
Hundred Thousands (Ratus Ribu)
Numbers from 100,000 to 900,000:
100,000: Seratus ribu
900,000: Sembilan ratus ribu
Breakdown examples:
100,001: Seratus ribu satu
111,111: Seratus sebelas ribu seratus sebelas
111,120: Seratus sebelas ribu seratus dua puluh
111,121: Seratus sebelas ribu seratus dua puluh satu
Millions (Juta)
1,000,000 to 9,000,000:
1,000,000: Sejuta
9,000,000: Sembilan juta
Breakdown examples:
1,000,001: Sejuta satu
1,111,111: Sejuta seratus sebelas ribu seratus sebelas
1,111,120: Sejuta seratus sebelas ribu seratus dua puluh
1,111,121: Sejuta seratus sebelas ribu seratus dua puluh satu
Malaysian Currency (Mata Wang Malaysia)
Value and Pronunciation:
RM 0.50: Lima puluh sen
RM 1.00: Satu ringgit
RM 10.50: Sepuluh ringgit lima puluh sen
RM 100.45: Seratus ringgit empat puluh lima sen
Time (Waktu)
Vocabulary (Kosa Kata):
1. Seconds – saat
2. Minute – minit
3. Hour – jam
Example:
1:15:25 PM: 1 JAM 15 MINIT 25 SAAT
More Vocabulary (Kosa Kata)
Time Expressions:
15 minit: 15 minutes/a quarter hour
30 minit: 30 minutes/half an hour
45 minit: 45 minutes/three-quarters an hour
60 minit/1 jam: 60 minutes/one hour
Time Questioning
Sekarang pukul berapa? (What time is it now?)
Example Response: Sekarang pukul dua / pukul dua tepat (It is now two o'clock / exactly two o'clock).
Day Vocabulary (Hari)
Isnin - Monday
Selasa - Tuesday
Rabu - Wednesday
Khamis - Thursday
Jumaat - Friday
Sabtu - Saturday
Ahad - Sunday
Month Vocabulary (Bulan)
Januari
Februari
Mac
April
Mei
Jun
Julai
Ogos
September
Oktober
November
Disember
Time Adverbs (Tatabahasa: Kata Keterangan Waktu)
Kelmarin: day before yesterday
Semalam: yesterday
Hari ini: today
Esok: tomorrow
Lusa: day after tomorrow
Lepas: past
Hadapan/depan: next
Setiap: every
Selang: alternate