SS

1. Reconstruction-The time period after the Civil War 1865-1877 where states formerly part of the Confederacy were brought back into the United States

2. Andrew Johnson-The 17th president of the United States, (democratic) serving from 1865 60 1869. He took the presidency after Lincoln’s assassination since he was vice president at the time. His plan was a way to forgive all white southerners except Confederate leaders and wealthy planters, allowed Southern states to create new governments, no support for the newly freed, and he offered them no role in the government, and many former confederates began to return to political office. This plan was called the Andrew Johnson’s Plan. 

3. Radical Republicans-

   1. Controlled Congress during Reconstruction

   2. Wanted to punish the South

   3. Attempted to impeach Andrew Johnson

   4. Since they controlled Congress they were able to dictate Reconstruction

   5. Demanded African-American equality

   6. Created the Freedmen’s Bureau

4. Scalawags-White Southerners who joined with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often to gain power and wealth.

5. Carpetbaggers-A northerner who moved to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) for economic, social, and sometimes political opportunities.

6. 13th Amendment-Abolished slavery in the U.S.

7. 14th Amendment-Gave U.S. citizenship granted to African American males

8. 15th Amendment-African Americans are given the right to vote

9. Ulysses S. Grant-Worked to implement Congressional Reconstruction and to remove slavery, ran as a republican post civil-war during 1868 and won, he was a good military leader not politician, and there were many scandals during his presidency including the “Credit Mobilier Scandal” which was about bribery, “Salary Grab” which was about Congress giving themselves a raise, and the “Whiskey Ring” which was about tax scandals

10. Election of 1876-

    1. Samuel Tilden, a democrat, ran against Rutherford B. Hayes, a republican

    2. There were discrepancies with the electoral vote count

    3. A Republican Electoral Commission decided Hayes was the winner 

11. Compromise of 1877-

Democrats agreed to go along with the Commission's decision that Hayes was the winner if… 

1. Remaining troops in the Southern states were removed

2. Hayes put a Southerner in his Presidential cabinet

3. Hayes supported federal spending on internal improvements in the South

12. Black codes-

    1. Laws passed in Southern States after the Civil War

    2. Based on old slave codes

    3. Tried to keep African-Americans in conditions similar to slavery

13. Ku Klux Klan-

    1. Secret society of White Southerners 

    2. Goal: frighten African Americans and their supporters from voting and/or running for office

    3. Brutal and violent acts towards African-Americans

    4. Federal Gov. had to send troops to stop them

14. Poll taxes-

    1. People had to pay a tax to vote

    2. Many African Americans could not afford to pay and couldn’t vote

15. Literacy tests-

    1. Some states required citizens to show they could read/write before voting

    2. Few African-Americans could pass these tests because they had received little schooling

16. Freedmen’s Bureau-

    1. They existed from 1865 to 1872

    2. An organization created to help freed people transition away from slavery

    3. Helped reunite Black Families

    4. Provided food, clothing and medical care to Black and White Southerners

    5. Built the first public schools for freedmen

17. Grandfather Clause-

    1. A clause in a State Constitution 

    2. Allowed the son or grandson of a man eligible to vote in 1866 and 1867 to vote himself

    3. Option for people who can’t pay the tax or pass the test

18. Jim Crow Laws (Segregation)-

    1. Laws passed in South to create social and legal segregation

    2. Forbade African Americans from sharing facilities with the white people

19. Plessy v. Ferguson-

    1. Supreme Court Case that ruled that segregation was legal as long as African Americans had access to “equal but separate” facilities 

20. Brown v. Board of Education-

    1. 58 years after Plessy v. Ferguson

    2. Reversed the ruling from Plessy v. Ferguson

    3. Argued that Educational facilities separated by race were by their nature unequal

    4. Segregation is illegal

    5. Separate doesn’t = equality.

21. 19th Amendment-Granted women the right to vote

22. Homestead Act-1862 law that offered 160 acres of western land to settlers

23. Morrill Land Grant Act-When the Federal government granted each state 30,000 acres of public land issued in the form of “land scrip” certificates for each of its representatives and senators in congress. 

24. Transcontinental Railroad-railway extending from coast to coast; completed in 1869

25. Pacific Railway Act of 1862-The Pacific Railway Act was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862. This act provided Federal government support for the building of the first transcontinental railroad, which was completed on May 10, 1869.

26. Dawes Act-A  law that let the federal government divide Native American reservations into smaller pieces and give the land to individual Native Americans

27. Carlisle Indian School-A school aimed to remove Native Americans from their cultures and lifestyles and assimilate them into the white man’s society

28. Forced Assimilation-African Americans were forced to act more like the White Americans

29. Nativism-a belief in the superiority of the way of life of one’s home country; in the United States, this was often associated with a desire to limit immigration 

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882-Law restricting immigration into the United States